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discharge from the nose, and occasional])' cough and sore throat. S)mptoms of 

 fever are also sometimes present. The causes of catarrh are sudden variations 

 in the temperature, exposure to cold and damp, hot and badly-ventilated 

 stables, and contact with atfected animals. Young animals, when first brought 

 up into warm stables, are especially liable to attack. During the change of 

 the coat there is also great predisposition to catch cold. The symptoms are 

 sneezing, redness and diyness of the membrane lining the nostrils, followed 

 by a discharge, which is at first thin, but soon becomes turbid, yellowish-white, 

 and profuse. There is also redness of the membrane lining the eyelids, with 

 discharge of tears and drooping of the head. Febrile symptoms are 

 sometimes manifested, and \ary much in intensity. The temperature may rise 

 about three degrees, or even a little higher. The pulse and respiration are 

 also usually accelerated, and the appetite is impaired. Debility and general 

 dulness frequently supervene. Such cases as these almost invariably terminate 

 in recoveiy. In mild cases, rest from work in a warm and well-ventilated but 

 not draughty loose box, with attention to the diet will suffice. In all cases 

 where the febrile manifestations are at all severe, a febrifuge draught, 

 consisting of liquor ammonii acetatis four ounces, of nitric ether one ounce 

 and a half, of chlorate of potassium one drachm and a half, and sufficient 

 water to make a pint, may be given three times daily. When the bowels are 

 much confined, enemas of warm water may be given, and, if necessary, two or 

 three drachms of aloes may be administered in addition. If the throat be 

 sore, and the cough troublesome, we may administer in addition one 

 drachm of camphor. In the early stages, while the membranes are dry, 

 inhalation of hot water vapour is useful in relieving the irritation. When 

 the throat s)mptoms are severe, compound liniment of camphor, or 

 liniment of turpentine should be applied externally. The diet should be 

 laxative, consisting of scalded oats, oatmeal, or linseed gruel and green food. 

 Chronic catarrh of the nose, or chronic nasal catarrh, is a discharge of. 

 \-arying character from the nostrils, and it ma)' be continuous or irregular. 

 ]Most of these cases are due to an unhealthy condition' of the membrane lining 

 the nose, and are the result of protracted and severe acute catarrh. It may 

 also arise from external injuries, decay of the upper grinders, and other 

 conditions. There is a discharge of a greenish, purulent fluid, and the 

 membrane lining the nose is of a leaden hue, or it may be blanched and 

 thickened. The general health is generally somewhat impaired. In these 

 cases the animal should be rested, and liberal diet allowed. Internall)^, a 

 draught containing two drachms of citrate of iron and ammonium, and two 

 drachms of carbonate of ammonium, -\\ ith one drachm and a half of tincture 

 of nux vomica, may be given in a pint of water twice daily. Locall)-, lotions 

 consisting of four to twenty grains of sulpho-carbolate of zinc, in each ounce 

 of water, may be injected up the nostrils by means of an enema syringe or 

 through a nasal funnel. In many cases the insufflation of atomised solids is 

 to be preferred to lotions. Equal parts of iodoform and starch finely powdered, 

 blown up into the nostrils in quantities of about a drachm at a time, will be 

 found a veiy efficacious remcd)'. 



