of breathing. Hot fomentations to the throat are also very useful ; but if the 

 general distress and difficulty in breathing continue, it may be necessaiy for 

 the veterinary surgeon to open- the windpipe, in order to avert suffocation. 

 This extreme step, however, is not often required. The hot water vapour 

 may be generated by pouring hot water over chopped hay or bran in a nose 

 bag, and may be medicated by the addition of one ounce of tincture of opium 

 to the quart of water, or as above. In the mild forms of larnygitis, the 

 inhalations and fomentations to the throat may be followed up by the 

 application of stimulating liniments to the outside of the throat. 



Internally, in sore throat, febrifuges may be given, in the form of 

 draughts administered every four hours. The formula prescribed in common 

 cold, will prove likewise very serviceable in this disease. The diet should be 

 soft and laxative, and the animal should be warmly clad and carefully 

 attended to. When swallowing is very difficult, it will be necessaiy to o-jve 

 all medicines in the water or food. Belladonna is a useful drug in the early 

 stages of sore throat, in addition to the above remedies ; and two drachms of 

 the extract may be administered twice daily, by placing the medicine between 

 the horse's teeth in the form of an electuar)\ During recover)', the diet 

 should be as nutritious as possible, and vegetable and mineral tonics should 

 be given, in order to combat the great prostration usually left in these 

 cases. The formula for a tonic mentioned in treating influenza would 

 prove very serviceable in this disease also. 



BRONCHITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL 



TUBES. 



Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the bronchial 

 tubes or prolongations from the windpipe into the lungs. Sometimes it is 

 limited to the large tubes, or it may extend to the ultimate ramifications. 

 The causes of bronchitis are debility; previous attacks of bronchial 

 inflammation ; exposure to cold and damp ; irritation of the tubes by noxious 

 vapours, or by the accidental entrance of fluids or solids into the bronchial 

 tube. Bronchitis also often accompanies influenza, and is met with in certain 

 other fevers, and under various malhygienic conditions. We thus see that 

 there are three forms of bronchitis— /;'/;;/rt;jy secondary, i.e., coexisting with 

 or following after, certain fevers and other diseases ; and mechanical or 

 depending on noxious vapours, fluids, or solids, irritating the lining membrane 

 of the tubes. Acute bronchitis is usually ushered in with chilliness, malaise 

 and febrile symptoms, though in many cases these may be trivial. When 

 fully developed, besides the symptoms of- ordinary catarrh, there is a frequent 

 hard and sonorous cough, which gradually becomes of a softer kind. The 

 appetite is impaired, and the horse is dull and dejected. The pulse is 

 increased in number and is rather soft. The respirations are much accelerated 

 being relatively much higher than the number of pulse beats, and in many 

 severe cases they are as numerous as the pulse, and may exceed it in number. 

 As the disease progresses, there is expectoration of a scanty, ropy, tenacious 



