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inflammation of the Iimgs and Ijronchitis, and also that it is a frequent 

 <:oncomitant of influenza. Sometimes pleurisy is ushered in by a sHght chill, 

 at other times by a pronounced shi\ering fit. The animal is frecjuently 

 restless, and shows signs of pain, aggravated by m.oving or breathing, which, 

 though quickened, is performed carefully. The pulse is increased, especially 

 when the horse is mo\ed round, and the ch-st wall is very tender. The 

 <ixpression is anxious, and indicati^'e of great pain. The pulse is increased 

 in frequency, and it is hard, and llrmer than in tlic last affection. The 

 temperature is not so high as in the last disease, ranging from 103° to 104^ 

 The mouth is hot and dry, but the expired air is not so much heated as in 

 pneumonia. In the inspiratory act the ribs are fixed, and in consequence of 

 this, a furrow w^hich is called the "pleuritic ridge" is formed. This extends 

 from the bottom of the back part of the chest, and runs obliquely in an 

 upward and backward direction to the hips. Cough is a frequent symptom 

 of pleurisy. It is shorter and more painful than in inflammation of the lungs, 

 and is attended with no expectoration. Not unfrequently during expiration 

 the horse gives a grunt, \\hen he is moved. If the ear be applied to the 

 ohest, a creaking sound may be heard. This is owing to the rubbing of the 

 dry and inflamed surfaces of the lining membrane together. This sound 

 appears as if close under the ear, and, as the lung moves to and fro, it is 

 consequently double. It is not heard if the breathing ceases for a moment. 

 The area over which it is audible may be very limited. This friction may 

 sometimes even be felt by placing the hand over the chest wall. The 

 disease now subsides, and fluid is poured out from the inflamed membrane 

 and accumulates in the chest. When this happens, and the effusion 

 increases, the symptoms become more severe. The pulse is raised to 80 beats 

 or more per minute, and is weakened and irregular. The breathing becomes 

 more laboured, and performed with very great difficult)-. The flanks heave, 

 there is flapping of the nostrils, and the horse's head is generally protruded* 

 Dropsical swellings may appear in various parts. 



Pleurisy generally involves only one side of the chest, in most cases the 

 right. Sometimes this malad)- has been mistaken by the uninitiated for 

 colic ; but the tenderness of one side, the constant pain, the high fever, the 

 friction sound, the altered breathing, and the "pleuritic ridge'' seen between 

 the ribs and the belly, guide us in diagnosing pleuris)-. The fe\er soon 

 subsides, and the pain diminishes in favourable cases, but where much 

 effusion is poured out, the disease often lasts several weeks, and may prove 

 fatal. 



The treatment of this malady is very similar to that of inflammation of 

 the lungs, and therefore we need not re-peat it. The woollen cloths should 

 be likewise carefully applied in pleurisy. If after the abatement of the 

 severe febrile symptoms, the animal seems to make no progress towards 

 recovery, but still breathes with difficulty, the temperature remaining high, 

 stimulating liniments may be applied to the chest, and four to six ounces of 

 whiskey may be given three times daily. If we have any reason to suspect 

 the accumulation of liquid in the chest, one drachm of iodide of potassium 



