88 



are lined by special cells, whose duty it is to separate the waste products in 

 the blood. iThe accompanying diagram shows the varying contour of the 

 tubes in the various parts. 



After these preliminary remarks, we may immediately proceed to 

 consider the various derangements of the kidneys and bladder of the horse. 

 The first disorder to which we propose to draw attention, is acute 

 inflammation of the kidneys. This is a disease for the most part due to 

 chill or exhaustion. It is attended by considerable fever with colicky pains, 

 the attack resembling colic attended by fever. The pulse is quickened, and 

 is full, hard, and firm. The breathing is short and accelerated, the bowels 

 are constipated, and there is much thirst. In some instances there is 

 stiffness, tenderness in the loins, and arching of the back, but these 

 symptoms are not invariably present. The most characteristic feature of 



