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laxati\'e nature, such as oil cake gruel, should be allowed, and internally 

 some tonic medicine will often prove of great service. In serious cuts the 

 bruised parts should be fomented with warm water ; but, if not severe, the 

 application of the above ointment will be sufficient. Should any matter be 

 formed in the injured part, a horizontal opening at the lower part is 

 necessary, in order to allow it to escape. Afterwards cooling and astringent 

 lotions are very valuable, and may judiciously be combined with steady 

 pressure by means of bandages. 



By the term "warbles" are meant swellings caused by undue localised 

 pressure of the saddle or collar. If the irritation continue, the tumour may 

 suppurate, and matter be formed. Thus a more serious state of things is set 

 up, necessitating rest and careful treatment. In most instances, cooling 

 applications and removal of the pressure will relieve the inflammatory 

 condition of these swellings ; but, when this process is more severe, warm 

 water fomentations and poultices are indicated. When the swelling remains 

 unabated, and matter threatens to form, the ointment of oleate of mercury 

 may be applied. When formed, the matter must be liberated by the knife, 

 and poultices assiduously applied. To hasten the healing process, the 

 antiseptic ointment above-mentioned, (viz. that of eucalyptus, iodoform, and 

 carbolic acid) will prove useful. Afterwards, as the sore heals, astringent 

 lotion of alum, tincture of myrrh, and cold water will harden the disordered 

 tissues. During the process of cure, the horse must have no saddle work. 

 By way of preventing these swellings, the saddle may have a thick piece of 

 felt stitched to the pannel on each side. When a "warble" is neglected, it 

 assumes a chronic unhealthy appearance, and is termed a sitfast. This 

 unhealthy condition should be treated by poultices, until the scab be 

 removed, when the antiseptic ointment should be applied twice daily. 



A good application in the first instance for sore shoulders, is a lotion 

 composed of glycerine one ounce, solution of acetate of lead one ounce, 

 methylated spirit one ounce, and of water eight ounces. 



BROKEN KNEES. 



We may now turn to the consideration of broken knees, unfortunately a very 

 common form of injury. Our readers will remember that we said, in 

 speaking of the horse's knee, that it corresponded with the human wrist, 

 and is formed by seven small bones, arranged in two rows. The upper row 

 has three bones with an additional one at the back, while the lower one has 

 three independent solid osseous components. A very important tendon 

 passes over the front of the knee, and vvhen called into action, extends the 

 joint, which is, properly speaking, composed of three joints. Between the 

 tendon and the knee there are two so-called bursae, or pockets containing 

 lubricating oil. Broken knees, under which term we include slight as well 

 as grave injuries to the knee, caused by a fall, or otherwise, very 

 commonly leave, after healing, some evidence of their previous existence* 



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