collectively. The fetlock joint when sprained is hot, swollen, and tender, 

 and if moved causes pain to the horse. In such cases, it is well to put on a 

 high-heeled shoe, in order to enable the animal to keep weight off the heel, 

 and to treat the injured parts as we have already directed in our last article. 

 In very aggravated cases, the application of ointment of biniodide of 

 mercury is sometimes ordered. When the fetlock is not acutely inflamed, 

 but is " full and puffy," cold applications, succeeded by the use of an elastic 

 bandage will be veiy beneficial. When the ligaments of the fetlock joint 

 are much worn, and relaxed in consecjuence, an unsightly bending, termed 

 " knuckling over," is occasioned. 



Sometimes a swelling of the fetlock appears at the back of the joint. 

 It is due to an inflamed condition of the bursae or lubricating pockets, 

 situated between the tendon at the back and the sesamoid bones. It is hard, 

 thus diftering from windgall, which is soft. Like windgall, however, it can 

 be pressed from one side of the fetlock to the other. This inflammation 

 sets up serious lameness, which usually recurs on working, and is difficult to 

 cure radically. 



Of "sprung hock" we must now say a few words. By this term 

 we understand a sprain, necessarily a very severe one, of those ligaments 

 which bind the bones of the hock together, and of that which envelopes 

 them in a capsule, as it were. This injury causes great lameness and pain, 

 and the animal manifests constitutional disturbance with febrile symptoms. 

 Extensive tumefaction appears above and below the back, and inner part of 

 the hock joint. The general directions already mentioned will suffice for 

 the management of this injury, which, it must be mentioned, being of a very 

 severe nature, will necessitate six months' rest at least, and sometimes even 

 more. 



We have still to speak of sprains of the elbow and of shoulder sprain. 

 In elbow sprain there is, as in other forms of sprain, pain, heat, and swelling 

 of the affected parts. The limb at each step shows itself unable to support 

 any weight, and the animal therefore drops, as it w^re, and is in danger of 

 falling. Regarding treatment, the methods already indicated will suffice. 

 When the i uiscles of the shoulder are sprained, an accident by no means 

 uncommon, especially in young animals employed for drawing heavy weights, 

 or for ploughing, they waste, and losing their tonicity or healthy condition, 

 allow the head of the humerus to bulge out, as the animal walks. This 

 condition is often spoken of as shoulder slip. Wasting of the muscles as 

 has been pointed out, involves only those of the outer side of the shoulder ; 

 whereas the wasting which sometimes ensues, as the result of chronic 

 lameness of the foot, invades all the muscles of the leg. The progression of 

 the animal in shoulder sprain is diagnostic of the seat of injury. The injured 

 limb is not brought directly forwards, but it is moved in a kind of rotatory 

 manner. The toe thus describes part of a circle, and is drawn or dragged 

 along the ground. Inflammation of the shoulder joint and other injuries of 

 this part give rise to the same characteristic dragging of the foot, and 

 rotatory motion of the limb. The animal shows no sign of pain in the foot, 



