116 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



are cases, no doubt, where a little observation and care, 

 on the part of the sheer, would have prevented it. From 

 much observation, I am satisfied that the chief cause lies 

 in the weakness of the horse, particularly in the spring 

 of the year. Horsemen well know that their horses did 

 not interfere in the winter months, when the weather was 

 not oppressive, and the horse in excellent spirits ; and no 

 changes have been made in the man or manner of shoeing. 

 Treatment. — Give a few powders of iron and gentian 

 in the feed, to restore the horse to strength. (See^Medi- 

 cines.) 



Jack. — A small point on the inside of the hock-joint 

 of the horse, affected with bone spavin. 



Jaundice. — This signifies ♦bile in the blood : — biliary 

 intoxication, tinging the membranes of the nose, mouth, 

 etc., with a yellow color. (See Liver Diseases.) 



Joint Diseases. — The diseases of the various joints 

 in the horse, are many. Among them may be enume- 

 rated four varieties of spavin, bone, blood, bog and occult, 

 all of the hock joint. Of the patella, in the form of dis- 

 location. Of the hip, or whirl-bone joint, ulceration and 

 sprain. Of the joints of the back-bones, caries and ulce- 

 ration. Of the foot, cofiin-joint, commonly called navicu- 

 lar-joint, lameness. Of the pastern joints, anchylosis 

 or stiff-joint. Of the lower pastern, ring-bone. Of the 

 knee-joint, stiffness and open joint. Of the point of the 

 shoulders, ulceration and bulging out of the capsular lig- 

 ament of the joint. Wind galls, of almost all the joints, 

 more specially in the pasterns. The cause and treatment 

 of these affections, will be found under their proper heads, 

 throughout the book. 



Jugular Vein. — Inflammation of. This maybe merely 



