SPAYING COWS. 349 



the navel, thus forming a small tumor. This condition is 

 often congenital, or found on the calf at birth. 



Treatment— Force the bowel up into the bellj and 

 gather the loose skin together, and tie a well waxed cord 

 tightly round it close to the belly, and a strong pin may 

 be forced through the skin below the ligature or cord, to 

 keep it from falling off before the loose skin comes away. 

 In a few days the skin will fall off, leaving a healthy sore 

 without any hole or rupture. 



Another form of treatment is to place a bandage round 

 the body, and a pad over the rupture, as is recommended 

 for the same condition in colts, which see. Whatever 

 plan that may be adopted for the cure of umbilical hernia 

 in calves, each one must be kept separate from one another, 

 as each will suck the other, thus preventing closure of the 

 rupture and healing of the parts. 



Siberian Boil Tlague.—Oarhuncular Disease.— 

 This is one of those diseases affecting cattle on the Russian 

 Siberian Steppes. It is a blood poison or pyemia, and is 

 closely allied to the other Russian Steppe disease, com- 

 monly called rinderpest and cattle plague. 



Slinking the Calf.— (See Abortion.) 



Sore Throat.— (See Bronchitis.) 



Spaying. — This is the name given to an opera- 

 tion for the removal of the ovaries or female testicles from 

 the milch cow and young female oxen. The object for the 

 removal of the ovaries from young cows that never have 

 had a calf, is to prevent them from ever having a desire for 

 the male, and that she will be the more easily fattened 

 and fitted for the market. Young cows so operated upon, 

 are henceforth called heifers. 



