LOUPING ILL. 371 



it a second time, and proceed as before. There are occa- 

 sionally more than one or two in the same subject and at 

 the same time ; indeed I have known as many as five, and 

 not one of them less in size than the yolk of an egg; but 

 two are quite common, one on each side of the brain, nearly 

 under the seat of the horn. Occasionally there is one 

 behind the first lobe of the brain, which is also easily 

 taken out. 



Louping 111. — {Tales Borsalis.) — {Phrenitis^ — In 

 every day language^ this is properly called inflammation 

 of the brain. Youatt, in his work on sheep, has been 

 at the trouble to write out no less than six different dis- 

 eases, all of w^hich might have been treated under this 

 head, which are essentially the same in character, cause, 

 and effect. It is characterized by extreme dulness, fol- 

 lowed by excitement and madness. In horses, these 

 symptoms continue for about two days ; but in cattle and 

 sheep, much longer. The seat of the disease is the pia 

 matter^ or the vascular internal membrane of the brain, 

 w^hich is found after death rough and yellow, with extra- 

 vased lymph and serum at the base of the brain. 



Treatrtient. — Give Croton oil, 6 drops ; Sirup of gin- 

 ger, 1 tablespoonful ; in a little gruel, so thin as it will 

 run from the teapot. Apply cold water or ice to the 

 head, and see that the poor animal does not hurt itself 

 against the wall or fence. 



The causes of this disease ^re the result of injury to 

 the head ; but it also arises from other causes besides 

 external injury — the principal, exposure to cold, or a 

 powerful sun in an exposed situation. But the most com- 

 mon causes are the eating from the pasture poisoning 

 plant, or weeds, as the Atropa belladonna, (deadly 

 nightshade,) Conium maculatum, (common hemlock,) 



