SYMPTOMS CONNECTED WITH URINATION. 



Retention of urine may be caused by : 

 Stricture of the urethra. 

 Enlargement of the prostrate gland. 

 Calculus in the bladder or urethra. 

 Retention of urine always accompanies spinal meningites 

 in the horse. When this occurs it must be taken away with 

 a catheter ; this is a fact worth remembering, as many horses 

 have died from rupture of the bladder /;/ this disease^ in 

 prolonged cases. 



There are many symptoms connected with the heart which 

 can only be learned by auscultation after long experience, 

 and would not be of any use to ordinary readers in a work 

 of this kind. 



SYMPTOMS CONNECTED WITH THE MOTOR 

 APPARATUS. 



The mode of lying down of a patient should be 

 carefully noticed, for in many diseases it may assist in the 

 diagnosis. 



Inability to lie down is most frequently the result of 

 difficult respiration ; the muscles assisting in the act of 

 breathing have the freest scope in the standing position. 

 Most horses have an instinctive dread of this, and so long 

 as nature holds out they will persist in keeping on their feet, 

 lest they should not be able to rise up again. In this respect 

 they differ very much from cattle and other animals. The 

 horse is a highly nervous animal, and no matter how slight 

 an accident or lesion may befall him, if he fancies he cannot 

 or will not rise, a few days lying will so act on his nerves 

 that generally speaking his recovery is very improbable. 



In such diseases as hinder him from standing the first thing 

 to be done, therefore, is to get the slings and brace him up 

 with them. These are contrivances that no horseman should 

 be without. 



The manner in which horses behave in this way during 

 the progress of disease will be noticed more particularly in 

 those cases in which they are manifested, such as colics, 

 enterites, <S:c. 



Inability to rise may depend on general weakness and 

 debility, rheumatic inflammation of the joints, or injuries 



