8 



such as fractures or dislocation, and in bad cases of founder 

 (or laminitis). 



Paralysis of the extremities, sometimes of one hind 

 leg and often of both, is often seen in our practice; the 

 latter form nearly always accompanies cerebro and spinal 

 meningites. 



Loss of sensation generally goes along with loss of power. 



Lying on one side is often significant of disease in the 

 early stage of pleurisy ; the patient prefers to lie on the 

 healthy side, but when effusion has taken place this is 

 reversed. When the heart is enlarged or violent in its action 

 the sufferer generally cannot lie on his left side. 



Great muscular debility accompanies such diseases as 

 influenza, in which the animal cannot stand without assist- 

 ance ; also in acute diseases from actual exhaustion and 

 prostration. 



Spasm is of three kinds — tonic, clonic and choreic. 

 Tonic spasm is fixed rigidity ; clonic spasm is ordinary con- 

 vulsions, /.(?., successive contractions of the muscles at short 

 intervals; choreic spasm is a term used to indicate the jerk- 

 ing, irregular movement of the muscles, not controllable by 

 the will in cases of chorea. 



SYMPTOMS CONNECTED WITH THE SENSORY 

 APPARATUS. 



Of these pain is the most important. Horses suffer pain as 

 much as the human species, but absence of speech (which 

 should excite our pity) hinders them from describing the 

 various sorts, as acute, griping, twisting, smarting, &c. 

 We have some indications, however, of pain ; flinching when 

 touched on any part ; tenderness on pressure, as in laryn- 

 gitis and enterites ; sometimes seen in the eye and general 

 appearance. Sometimes pain is relieved by pressure, as in 

 colic and other diseases, which shows the absence of inflam- 

 mation. Pain is not always at the seat of the disease; thus 

 in disease of the hip joint the pain is felt at the knee, disease 

 of the liver about the scapula, irritation of the uterus on the 

 top of the head. 



The eye affords many indications of disease ; projection 

 of the haw (or membrana nictitans) is always a sign of lock- 

 jaw. A prominent and turgid condition of both eyes occurs 

 in acute opthalmia and in congestion of the brain. 



