II 



sound, with increased resistance of the walls of the chest, 

 occur in : 



Pneumonia. 

 Pleurisy. 

 Tuberculization. 

 Hydrothorax. 

 Cancer, &c. 

 Increased clearness and duration of resonance, with de- 

 crease of resistance, occurs in heaves, or pulmonary emphy- 

 sema, atrophy, or hypertrophy of the lungs, &c. 



In auscultation, as well as in percussion, a comparison is 

 made, not only with the normal standard, but also between 

 the two sides of the body. 

 Respiratory sounds : 



Normal respiratory murmur. 

 Prolonged expiratory sound. 

 Harsh tubular blowing. 

 Bronchial breathing. 

 Dry secretory sounds : 

 Sibilant, hissing or whistling. 

 Sonorous. 

 Dry crackle. 

 Moist : 



Fine crepitant rale. 

 Coarse crepitant (or mucous rale). 

 Humid crackling or gurgling. 

 Friction sounds are peculiar to pleurisy and pericar- 

 ditis at the stage of adhesion. 



Bronchial breathing occurs when the lung is being 

 solidified. 



The sibilant and sonorous sounds are heard as the result 

 of narrowing and obstruction, by congestion, mucous, &c. 



The dry crackle is associated with incipient or infiltrative 

 tubercle. 



Amongst the moist sounds, the finest or most delicate is 

 the fine crepitation of pneumonia. It is very well imitated 

 by rubbing a few hairs of one's head between the thumb and 

 finger near the ear. 



Feeble respiratory murmur is heard in one or both 

 lungs in cases of: 



Foreign bodies in air passages. 



Bronchitis. 



Pneumonia. 



Pleurisy. 



