^3 



Inflammation of the bowels has also resulted from this cause. 

 Unlike cattle, the muscles and skin of the horse together are 

 not more than seven-eighths of an inch thick over the abdo- 

 men, whereas in the bovine race they are four or five inches. 

 The bowels are so near the skin that intense cold affects 

 them very readily. We have, lastly, examples of inflamma- 

 tion of the laminae (founder) change its seat and attack the 

 lungs; this is called metastasis. Influenza and pneumonia 

 are associated together in some complicated form in many 

 instances, and render it very intractable to remedies. Cold 

 and long continued over exertion are also common causes 

 of pneumonia. 



Symptoms. — This dangerous disorder is generally 

 ushered in by shivering fits and irregular heat of the skin. 

 The animal is "out of sorts;" the mouth is hot and dry, the 

 nasal membrane discolored, and the extremities cold. The 

 patient stands with his head drooping and his legs apart, to 

 relieve his labored breathing. The bowels are usually cos- 

 tive, the coat rough, and the appearance of the animal is 

 quite dejected and stupid. There is an occasional cough, 

 but not of the severe character which is so prominent in 

 bronchitis and other diseases ; it is fuller, freer, and less 

 painful. The pulse is full and oppressed, and increases to 

 from 70 to 80 beats per minute. The constitutional dis- 

 turbance increases the temperature to 105° or 106° in the 

 congestive stage ; the respiration is also increased and 

 labored. In many patients only one is affected, and that 

 chiefly the right lung, but both of the organs may be the 

 subject of congestion or inflammation. During the first 

 attack of this disease there is an abnormal amount of blood 

 carried to the lungs, and a greater demand for the oxygen 

 of the air to purify it ; so to accommodate this state of affairs 

 I there is increase of respiration and labor. The capillary 

 vessels which ramify upon the air cells become gorged with 

 red blood. 



This abnormal amount of blood forced into the lungs 

 leads to congestion of those organs. Should the patient be 



