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is generally more or less troublesome. In these cases a 

 semi-circular wound is made, the skin is raised up in a flap, 

 which folds backwards and downwards. This injury is 

 done, not by the toe, but by the edge of the inner rim of 

 the shoe. Sometimes a piece of the skin is quite scooped 

 out, in which case longer time is required to repair the 

 wound. 



TREAD, OR CALKING. 



This is usually the most serious of all these external 

 injuries; it may be caused either by one horse treading on 

 another suddenly, as at fairs or markets, or by a false step 

 of an animal when fatigued and exhausted from severe 

 work. 



These injuries, simple as they appear, should not be dis- 

 regarded ; if they are, the irritation resulting from them may 

 cause induration and enlargement around the wounds, which 

 are very unsightly, if not positively injurious. They some- 

 times also produce a wound resembling quittor. In bad 

 cases of calking we have seen fatal results follow; the 

 coronary substance becomes so bruised that excessive sup- 

 puration follows; a mountain of granulations soon overhangs 

 the hoof which almost defies remedial treatment. When this 

 injury is allowed to run on neglected thus far, the animal 

 might as well be destroyed, for treatment (in a monetary 

 point of view) is useless. 



Treatment. — For slight and recent wounds, as the result 

 of interference, and for speedy cut, very simple treatment is 

 required. A bandage must be put on for the night, dipped 

 in the following lotion : 



Goulard's extract - - One ounce. 



Water - _ _ _ Ten ounces. 

 Or,- 



Carbolic acid _ _ _ One ounce. 



Water - _ _ _ Eight ounces. 



