THEIR PATHOLOGY", DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT. 13 



vessels of the kidneys. At limes it proceeds from ulceration in one 

 of the urinary passages. The evidence of the disease is, of course, plain 

 in the discoloured urine ; this is passed without pain, and in many cases 

 all the treatment required is to give the animal perfect rest. A mild 

 dose of physic may be needed, and the diet should be light. If that is not 

 found sufficient, a few of the following balls may be given at intervals of 

 six or eight hours. 



Balls for Bloody Urine.— Tate acetate of lead 2dr., cpluui l£dr, and 

 tannic acid |dr., made into a ball with the common mass. 



Bog" Spavin.— See Spavin. 



Bone Spavin.— See Spavin. 



Bots.— These grubs, which infest all horses that have been turned 

 out to grass in the summer or autumn months, have a very interesting 

 history, which was first traced and made clear to us by the investigations 

 of Mr. Bracy Clark ; prior to his researches comparatively little was known 

 of them, and a writer not much anterior to him speaks of them as being 

 found only in the rectum and gut, which they never occupy but in passing 

 through, when about to assume the chrysalis state. They were popularly 

 supposed to be produced by bad food, and themselves again the cause 

 of much mischief ; such opinions are still common, and they are still a 

 bugbear to those knowing nothing of their nature and history, and 

 no doubt a person thus ignorant, on seeing a horse that had died of 

 disease opened and dissected, and observing such large clusters of 

 living bots as adhere to the stomach, might be pardoned for assuming 

 that they were the cause of, or had something to do with, the cause 

 of death, for doubtless to the superficial observer they look formidable 

 and forbidding enough. When, too, in the early part of summer, as they 

 are quitting their winter residence and passing through the body of the 

 horse prior to undergoing their second metamorphosis, they are noticed 

 by grooms in the dung, and adhering to the fundament; needless 

 alarm is created, and all sorts of worm medicines are resorted to, 

 to the great injury of the horse, but without having the slightest 

 effect on the bots, although, from the fact of their leaving the horse 

 at that time in obedience to nature, the medicine gets the credit of 

 their expulsion, is supposed to have done a wonderful amount of good, 

 and gets at once placed high in the catalogue of occult stable remedies. 

 As bots, when first swallowed by the horse, attach themselves to the 

 insensible cuticle coat of the stomach, where they remain and grow to 

 maturity, they cause no irritation or inconvenience; and, as a matter of 

 fact, the horse enjoys perfect health whilst clusters of them adhere to 

 that part of his stomach. It therefore shows how useless it is to inter- 

 fere ; and more especially so as it has been abundantly proved that no 

 known vermifuge has any effect in dislodging them, but that there they 

 "remain till their appointed season of migration. We should not, therefore, 

 attempt what is impossible, and would be useless if accomplished, 

 especially as medicines given for such a purpose are more or less injurious 



