THEIR PATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT. 73 



Roaring 1 . — Thi3 too common state of the horse is well known to all 

 familiar with horses. The name is given to the unnatural sound emitted 

 by the horse in breathing, and differs greatly in degree. It is an 

 affection of the larynx or upper part of the windpipe, caused by thickening 

 of the lining membrane, or from the tumours of strangles, chronic cough, or 

 some other affection of the outer respiratory organs, and frequently from 

 distortion of the larynx, from the head being kept in an unnatural position 

 by the bearing rein. Preventive measures and those for the alleviation of 

 the disease are alone worth considering, as there is no cure for roaring. 

 All coughs and affections of the throat should receive prompt and careful 

 attention, and the animal not too speedily put into work on recovery. 

 The means for alleviation are the same as described for broken wind. 



S. 



Sallenders.— See Mallenders and Sallenders. 



Seedy Toe.— This is a separation of the two layers of horny matter 

 forming the hoof. These, the outer hard portion to which tha shoe is 

 nailed, and the inner soft and lighter portion are, in a healthy state, closely 

 united, but from hard work, especially on the paved streets of towns, the 

 secreting power which keeps up the connection becomes lost, the separation 

 is apparent, and the treatment consists in paring away the outer or old 

 horn, and giving the horse rest, in order that the new and inner layer 

 may develop into the firm substance necessary for the support of the 

 heavy weight of the horse and endure the rough contact with hard roads ; 

 a considerable period of rest should be given for this purpose, as will 

 be evident to anyone who considers the slow growth of a broken finger 

 nail, even when no use of it interferes with the process. 



Sitfast.— This is the name given to a hard callous lump or sore, generally 

 caused by the friction of a badly fitting saddle, or the action on the saddle 

 of an awkward rider ; they are not unlike corns on the human foot, but 

 frequently ulcerate round their edges. There are two modes of treatment 

 — to cut them out and apply a lotion, such as chloride of zinc, 6gr. to 4oz. 

 of water ; or, as most careful grooms would notice the sitfast before it 

 came to ulceration, to apply a pad of tow or lint well saturated with 

 vinegar and water, or what is better, the following cheap cooling lotion : 



Cooling Lotion. — Sal ammoniac loz., acetic acid 2oz. (or vinegar half a 

 pint), spirits of wine 2oz., water to make a quart. 



If the constant application of this, with freedom from the saddle, which 

 is absolutely necessary, fails to remove the sitfast, rub the hardened tissue 

 with mild blistering ointment (pp. 12 and 17), which will generally dissipate 

 the evil. In doing so, should the edge of the sitfast be in an uncertain 

 state, the part where the skin is broken should be carefully guarded from 

 contact with the blister. 



