DRUGS AND THEIR, DOSES. 85 



given with advantage when the horse is "off his feed," or in any way 

 "out of sorts." Alterative and Condition Powders: Take powdered 

 nitre, flowers of sulphur, and black antimony, of each 4oz. ; powdered 

 gentian root, ilb. ; powdered liquorice, 4oz. ; powdered carraways, ilb.; 

 powdered aniseed, |lb. ; and powdered cumin seeds and coriander seeds 

 each jib. ; well mixed together, and one to two tablespoonfuls given 

 sprinkled on the corn and cut chaff every night. 



Alum. — This common and generally known article is an astringent, and 

 as such is given in diarrhoea, and also in cases of diabetes or profuse 

 staling. The dose is from 50Z. to ioz. ; it is also useful as an external 

 application. The following ointment is often of advantage in grease : 

 Ointment for Grease : Finely powdered alum, ^oz. ; rosin ointment, Hoz., 

 mixed. 



Ammonia. — This is at the ordinary temperature of the air gaseous, but 

 in solution in water, and several of its combinations, it is largely used 

 in horse medicine. Liquid ammonia— popularly known as spirits of 

 hartshorn— is given in windy colic in doses of ^oz. toloz., in not less than 

 a pint and a half of water, ale, or gruel ; but for this purpose the 

 aromatic spirit of ammonia is generally preferred, and the spirit of 

 hartshorn is mostly used in form of liniment for sprains, bruises, &c, for 

 which the following is a useful and cheap form : Liniment for Sprains : 

 Spirit of hartshorn, spirit of turpentine, and rape oil, equal parts mixed. 



Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, popularly known as spirit of sal 

 volatile, is also largely used in veterinary practice. It is a stimulant and 

 anti-spasmodic, and proves of great use in gripes, as it dispels flatulence, 

 and also stimulates the stomach. The dose is loz. to 2oz. in at least a pint 

 and a half of water, gruel, or other simple liquid. The following combina- 

 tion of it makes a good preparation for fret, colic, or gripes : Gripe 

 Tincture: Spirit of sal volatile, 6oz. ; sweet spirit of nitre, 6oz. ; essential 

 oil of peppermint, |oz.; essential oil of pimento, |oz. ; laudanum, 5oz.; 

 and essence of ginger, 2oz. ; mixed. Dose : One to two wineglassfuls in 

 a quart of gruel ; this should be kept in a glass stoppered bottle. 



Htdrochlorate of Ammonia, known as sal ammoniac, is very useful 

 as an ingredient in cooling lotions for applications to swellings and in- 

 flamed parts where the skin is not broken. A bottle of the following should 

 be kept in the stable medicine chest or somewhere handy in a cool place, as 

 when wanted it will generally be in a hurry. Concentrated, Cooling Lotion : 

 Take sal ammoniac in powder 4oz., boiling water half a pint, gradually 

 add the water to the sal ammoniac in a mortar, rubbing it to dissolve as 

 much as possible, pouring the solution into a bottle, then take strong 

 acetic acid half a pint and in the same way treat the undissolved sal 

 ammoniac with it and mix with the watery solution, and add to the whole 

 4oz. of methylated spirit of wine. When used it must be mixed in the 

 proportions of one cupful of lotion to seven to ten cupfuls of ccld 

 water. 



Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, or Mindererua's Spirit, is a 



