DISEASES FROM FAULTY CONFORMATION 177 



shoe. In this connection it is necessary to point out that 

 on no account should ' springing ' of the heels of the shoe 

 be allowed. Fig. 93 illustrates the ill-practice. 



In this case, when the entire weight is thrown on to the 

 heels, the portion of wall posterior to the crack is bound 

 to participate unduly in the downward movement, and so 

 tend to widening of the crack at its highest point. 



We have already referred to the matter of ' clips.' In 

 no case, whether the crack be at the toe or in the quarters, 

 should a clip be placed immediately below it. If the crack 

 is at the toe, the usual clip should be dispensed with, and 

 a clip at each side made to take its place. At the same time 

 care should be taken to avoid throwing the weight far 



Fig. 93.— The Bearing 'eased' by 'springing' the Heel of 

 the Shoe. 



forward. For that reason a shoe with calkins or with very 

 high heels should be removed, and a shoe with an ordinary 

 flat web substituted. 



In the case of quarter-crack, where the constant move- 

 ment of the parts under expansion and contraction of the 

 foot makes itself most felt, it is wise to apply a shoe with 

 clips fitting moderately tight against the inside of the bars. 

 By this means movement will to a very large extent be 

 curtailed. 



Where a marked tendency to contraction is found, as 

 is often the case with quarter-crack, then the shoe with 

 the clips may be rendered more marked in its operation 

 by giving to the outer face of each clip — that face applied 

 to the bar — a slope from above downwards and outwards. 

 In other words, a slipper shoe should be applied and the 



