BLACK-CAP VARIETIES 161 



very hardy, productive, and comparatively free from thorns. 

 Fruit large, jet black, and of good quality. Said to bloom later 

 than other varieties, thus being more liable to escape frosts. 

 Season as late as or later than Gregg. 



Ak-Sar-Ben.A seedling accidentally discovered by Ex-Gov. 

 Robert W. Furnas, of Brownville, Nebraska. From the original 

 plant three years old Gov. Furnas picked 113 clusters in 1897, 

 averaging thirteen berries to a cluster. Hardy. Fruit large, of 

 good color and fair quality. Not yet introduced. 



Alden. A name proposed for the Ohio, to better distinguish it 

 from the Ohio Everbearing, but never adopted. Mich. Exp. Sta., 

 Bull. Ill : 256. 



American Black (Common Black-cap, Black Raspberry, Thimble- 

 berry, Bubus occidentalis) . This is the common black raspberry of 

 the eastern United States. It was described by Downing as fol- 

 lows: "This raspberry, common in almost every field, with large 

 rambling ptfrple shoots, and flattened, small, black berries, is 

 everywhere known. It is frequently cultivated in gardens, where, 

 if kept well pruned, its berry is much larger and finer. Its rich, 

 acid flavor renders it perhaps the finest sort for kitchen use, tarts, 

 puddings, etc. It ripens a little earlier than most of the European 

 sorts." 



American Everbearing. An everbearing black-cap sent out in 

 1890, by the Cleveland Nursery Company, of Rio Vista, Va. It was 

 named and brought to notice by Mr. Hatfield, of Indiana. Said to 

 be fairly vigorous and hardy, but inferior to some others in pro- 

 ductiveness, quality and firmness. 



American White (Yellow Cap, Golden Cap, White Thimble- 

 berry). Similar in all respects to the black-cap, but with yellow- 

 ish fruit and canes. It is found wild from time to time, and has 

 often appeared in cultivation, though never very popular. 



Arctic. A variety growing at the New York State Experiment 

 Station. Described as vigorous, early, not very large, moderately 

 firm, juicy, and sweet. 



August Black. Produced by Thomas Rivers, England. Down- 

 ing speaks of the fruit as dark red, which would indicate that it 

 might be a Purple -cane variety, but Mr. Rivers himself, in the 

 Gardener's Chronicle for 1897, p. 516, calls it black. Apparently 

 never cultivated to any extent. 



Autumn Black. Another variety produced by Mr. Rivers, and 

 said by him to propagate only from seed, he evidently not under- 

 standing the tip -rooting habit of the species. 



Babbit. Originated about 1883 as a chance seedling, near Col- 

 lege Springs, Iowa. Sent to the United States Department of 



