THE BLACK RASPBERRY 319 



This form holds the same position between the western repre- 

 sentatives of the red and black raspberry that E. neglectus does 

 between the eastern ones. It was found growing with B. occiden- 

 talis var. leucodermis and JR. strigosus at Sicamous, B.C., in 1889, 

 by Professor J. M. Macoun, who writes that it very much resem- 

 bles R. neglectus, the fruit being abundant, purplish in color, 

 lacking in firmness, but pleasant. 



17. R. OCCIDENTALIS, L. Black Raspberry, Thimbleberry. 



Canes long, recurved, at length rooting at the tips, conspicu- 

 ously glaucous, armed with strong recurved prickles; leaflets 3, 

 both on bearing canes and young shoots (rarely 5 on the 

 latter), ovate, pointed, coarsely and doubly serrate, whitened - 

 downy beneath, the lateral ones mostly somewhat stalked; inflo- 

 rescence cymose; peduncles mostly aggregated in a close cluster 

 at the tip, short, stiff, erect, bearing stiff recurved prickles, 

 rarely with straight bristles also ; petals shorter than the sepals ; 

 fruit depressed, firm and dense, black, rarely yellow. 



Original distribution. Mountains of Georgia westward to Mis- 

 souri and the sources of the Oregon, and far northward into 

 British America. 



This is to-day the most important raspberry of cultivation. 



Var. LEUCODERMIS (Dougl.). E. leucodermis, Dougl. 



Leaflets coarsely dentate -serrate, often approaching incised- 

 serrate ; prickles strong and more hooked ; fruit reddish black, 

 with a gray bloom (Fig. 59). 



Found in the mountains of Arizona, California, Oregon, Wash- 

 ington and northern Utah. 



This has long stood as a distinct species, but forms of E. 

 occidentalis occur which show the same coarse serration of leaves, 

 and there is an eastern yellow -fruited form which has as strong 

 and prominently hooked prickles. Professor Piper writes: "I 

 agree with Focke in considering this merely a variety of E. occi- 

 dentalis. I have never seen it with * yellow' fruit, as described 

 in Botany of California. The fruit is dark wine-red, nearly 

 black, and of excellent flavor." 



18. R. HESPERIUS, Piper. 



"Habit of E. leucodermis; 1-2 meters high; young stems 

 glaucous, older ones brownish and shining, densely beset with 

 strong prickles, which are straight on the larger branches 



