Methods of Crossing Berries 39 



station with interesting results. A number of valuable 

 varieties have also been secured. Their work has estab- 

 lished beyond question the hybrid origin of the purple- 

 cane type, Rubus negledus. Pure seedlings of Columbian, 

 a variety of this class, reproduced the characters of the 

 parent much more nearly than was to have been expected. 

 All were purple in color and none propagated by suckers. 

 In hybrids produced by crossing two black-caps with a 

 red raspberry the seedlings in one case were all purple, 

 while in the other, 10 yellows appeared among the 289 

 seedlings. Color is apparently a Mendellian character. 

 Some varieties of black-caps are evidently pure black, 

 while others carry yellow as a recessive character. The 

 same principle seems to hold with red varieties also. A 

 number of seedlings of Cumberland were strictly dwarf 

 in character. These were quite different from normal 

 plants which lacked vigor. The nodes were as numerous 

 as usual but many of them were much shorter, sometimes 

 not over a quarter of an inch long. Many of the leaves 

 were small and easily broken from the stem and the canes 

 were thickly covered with soft spines. Many of these 

 dwarfs were less than a foot in height and the tallest were 

 not over two feet. 



A correlation appears to exist between leaf and fruit 

 color. Red and purple sorts have a tinge of red on the 

 leaves and young canes, which is entirely lacking in yellow 

 varieties. 



Hybrids were produced by crossing a red raspberry 

 and a blackberry with Rubus odoratus. The resulting 

 seedlings from the blackberry were lacking in vigor and 

 soon died. Those from the raspberry, however, grew well 



