68 Bush-Fruits 



the tip, just enough to furnish leaf surface to keep the 

 plant growing until the young shoot gets under way. 



If the old canes are affected with anthracnose it is 

 better to cut them away entirely before taking the plants 

 to the field. This leaves the young tip dependent upon 

 its own shoot for leaf surface but this is better than allow- 

 ing it to battle with disease from the start. It is wiser 

 to keep the plantation free from disease, in so far as 

 possible, than to introduce it and then attempt to fight it 

 afterward. If the pieces of cane left with the tips carry 

 anthracnose spots when planted, the disease is transferred 

 to the new plantation with as much certainty as the plants 

 themselves. Diseased canes should be destroyed, or at 

 least not allowed to lie about the field where the planting 

 is going on. These fungi are as truly plants as the ones 

 on which they live, and their seeds (spores) are as sure to 

 germinate and grow if given proper conditions. 



If black-cap raspberries are to be planted in rows, three 

 feet in the row, with rows six feet apart, will be found 

 satisfactory distances. Some prefer rows seven feet apart; 

 for very strong-growing varieties this may be better. If 

 in hills, they should be not less than five feet apart each 

 way, which may do for weak and slender-growing varieties, 

 but as a rule six feet is much better. Black-caps are more 

 easily kept in good condition in rows than red raspberries 

 and blackberries, but the intermediate space between the 

 plants must be kept clean by hand. It is therefore more 

 expensive to care for an acre thus planted than when in 

 hills far enough apart to admit of horse cultivation both 

 ways. Larger and finer fruit can also be obtained from 

 hills farther apart, with thorough cultivation on all sides. 



