The Red-Necked Cane-Borer 239 



blackberries, first by attacking the opening buds and tender leaves, 

 then by eating into the flower buds and destroying the sexual organs. 

 A hole in the side of the bud will show where the 

 beetle has entered. When the injury is complete, 

 the 'buds usually wither and fail to open; if only 

 partial, the flower may expand, but only to develop 

 an imperfect, worthless berry. It also attacks the 

 open flowers, partially hiding at the base of the 

 stamens. It works chiefly in the morning and even- 

 ing, seldom being seen in the middle of the day. , Fi - 28 \ 



, . . , turns unicolor. 

 Its offspring appears as a small, soft, tarnished 



white worm, remaining on the fruit of the red raspberry when it is 

 gathered. It is usually found within the cup or cavity of the berry, 

 and is difficult to detect. 



When full grown, the larva drops to the ground, often with the 

 berry, no doubt, hides under any convenient rubbish, forms a little 

 cell in the earth, and changes to a hairy pupa of a pale, dull yellowish 

 color. Here it remains during the winter, transforming to the per- 

 fect beetle about the middle or latter part of May, and emerging in 

 time to carry on its destructive work in the blossom buds. 



Remedies. -Thorough spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate 

 of three to four pounds to 50 gallons of water, at the time when 

 the beetles first appear, has been found effective at the Ohio Ex- 

 periment Station. Shallow cultivation in the fall has been suggested 

 as a means of destroying the pupae. 

 References. 



Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., 1870, p. 358. 



Felt, Kept. N. Y. State Ent. 15:158 (1898). 



Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 202. 



THE RED-NECKED CANE-BORER (FIG. 29) 

 RED-NECKED AGRILUS GOUTY-GALL BEETLE 



Agrilus ruficollis, Fabr. 



In winter and spring the canes of raspberries and blackberries 

 often show one or more comparatively small and regular swellings, 

 an inch ormore in length, the outer portions being roughened with 

 brownish slits and ridges. They are rarely more than one-third 



