Propagation 269 



success of the operation depends on long cuttings in the 

 dry climate and light soil of Nebraska. They are then 

 buried with the butts up and about three inches beneath 

 the surface of the ground. About the first of November 

 they are taken up and planted in nursery rows, and a 

 ridge of earth thrown over them so that they are covered 

 about two inches deep. In the spring this covering is 

 raked away, so that the tips are left just below the surface 

 of the ground. This method is interesting, because it 

 shows something of the modifications demanded by a dry 

 climate. 



Single-eye cuttings under glass, or greenwood cuttings, 

 may be used, but are less satisfactory than hardwood 

 cuttings, and are only used under special circumstances. 

 Plants may also be grown from layers, and even from 

 tip layers, like the black raspberries, but these methods 

 have little to recommend them. It was formerly advised 

 to cut out all the lower buds in planting cuttings, in order 

 to insure a tree form of growth, but this is seldom prac- 

 ticed now. Plants so grown are of interest as curiosities 

 or novelties, but are not satisfactory in field culture. 



New varieties are grown from seeds, whicn should be 

 taken as soon as the fruit is ripe. They may be washed 

 from the pulp and dried like vegetable seeds, but it is 

 better to sow or mix them with sand at once, and not 

 allow them to dry. If mixed with sand, they should be 

 buried or kept in a cool, shady place, and sown very early 

 in spring. They may be sown, not over half an inch deep, 

 in flats or in the open ground, in fine, rich and mellow soil. 

 Partial shade and a light mulch of fine manure will aid in 

 retaining moisture and prevent the ground from baking. 



