346 Bush-Fruits 



ish refuse. Toward autumn it eats a passage wa-y to the outer bark, 

 wraps itself in a thin silken cocoon and passes the winter in the 

 lower end of its burrow. In the spring it changes to a pupa, and 

 thence emerges as a perfect insect in May. The female is then a 

 shining black fly with light brownish-yellow legs and the front of 

 the abdomen reddish orange. She is about half an inch long by 

 three-fourths of an inch broad, with wings extended. The male 

 is somewhat smaller and nearly all of the abdomen is brownish- 

 yellow. 



Remedies. Cutting out and burning all injured tips is an efficient 

 and practical remedy. The larvae rarely get more than six inches be- 

 low where the egg is laid, and this being only an inch or so below the 

 girdle, cutting away eight inches of the stem at any time during the 

 summer or winter, will destroy the insect. If done soon after the 

 girdle is made two or three inches will suffice. The larvae may 

 readily be found by splitting open the cane. Many eggs fail to de- 

 velop, and the young larvae often perish before attaining their 

 growth. This checks their increase, but does not affect the injury 

 for the current year. 

 References. 



Marlatt, Ins. Life, 7: 387. 



Slingerland, Cornell Univ. Expt. Sta. Bull. 126: 41. 



THE GROSELLE STEM-MINER 



Opostega nonstrigella, Ch. 



This is a very minute insect, the larva of which mines in the outer 

 bark of currant and gooseberry shoots. Its presence is shown by fine, 

 dark streaks in the outer wood near the tips. The streaks are more 

 or less parallel and extend up and down the canes for a short distance, 

 having rounded connections at the ends. These are the mines of 

 a very tiny, whitish, thread-like larva, with whitish body and dark 

 head, but so minute that it is very difficult to detect. The largest 

 larvae are found in the previous season's growth or reaching across 

 from that to the new shoots. The larva first mines its way toward 

 the tip, turns back in the opposite direction parallel to this, again 

 turning and reentering the same mine at the starting point, then 



