The Less Important Enemies 347 



remining that. After making some two rounds of the channel it 

 emerges to pupate in the ground. The adult is a small silvery-white 

 moth. An infested twig is shown in Plate VIII. 



The direct injury caused by these miners is not likely to be serious. 

 Greater harm is likely to follow from the work of fungi which may 

 gain entrance through the wounds made by them. Some injury to 

 gooseberry shoots has been observed from this cause. 



The injury caused by the miners has been commonly known under 

 the name of "medullary spots." 



Control. No definite means of control are known, though it has 

 been suggested that cultivation about the plants during the pupal 

 stage may prove helpful. 

 Reference. 



Geneva, N. Y., Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 15. 



THE LESS IMPORTANT ENEMIES 



The foregoing list includes those insects which are likely to prove 

 seriously injurious, but many others feed upon these plants. At 

 times a few of these may do real damage. Many are general feeders 

 and if groselles happen to afford the most available food they are 

 likely to suffer. Among the ones most likely to occur may be men- 

 tioned the following. 



Lycia cognataria, Guenee, termed the pepper and salt currant-moth 

 by Slingerland and Crosby, is a general feeder, the larva of which 

 seeks to escape detection by resembling a dead twig. When full 

 grown it is nearly two inches long. It is seldom likely to cause serious 

 harm. 



The walnut scale, Aspidiotus juglans-regiae, Comstock, sometimes 

 attacks currant stems. It is closely related to the San Jose scale but 

 larger in size. The same methods of treatment should prove effective. 



Several other species of scale insects are also found on these plants. 

 Green fruit-worms, leaf-rollers, climbing cut-worms, the apple leaf- 

 hopper, flea-beetles, red-spider, and even the flat-headed apple-tree 

 borer may be found at times, but seldom need cause concern. 



