Gooseberry Mildew 349 



to the affected parts. These spores remain over winter within the 

 protecting perithecium and germinate in spring, thereby spreading 

 the species the succeeding year. 



In former years this disease appears to have been confined to 

 America, but about 1900 it appeared in Europe and since that time 

 has come to be very destructive there. European varieties are much 

 more susceptible than American sorts, hence it has been able to 

 spread more rapidly, even though the climate may be less favorable 

 to its development. In America the disease is less serious in the 

 northern portions of the United States and in Canada than farther 

 south. Many English varieties or their seedlings have been intro- 

 duced as mildew proof, only to suffer the same injury as previous 

 sorts after a few years of general trial. The American varieties are 

 not wholly exempt from attack, but are much less susceptible, and 

 seldom suffer serious injury. 



Remedies. Numberless remedies against the disease have been sug- 

 gested. No less than fifteen of these have come under the writer's 

 observation, most of which were reported successful in greater or less 

 degree. Among them, mulching with sea weed, salt hay, green 

 grass, tan bark, stones, tin cans, boards, etc., is most frequently 

 mentioned. This does aid in many cases, as it helps to keep the soil 

 cool, but it cannot be depended upon to afford immunity. 



This disease is more difficult to control than some others, because 

 the mycelium of the fungus is more persistent. Potassium sulfide, 

 at the rate of half an ounce to each gallon of water, is one of the best 

 remedies known. It should be applied first as the buds are opening, 

 and repeated at intervals of ten to fourteen days if the disease 

 promises to be serious. Lime-sulfur in the proportion of one to 

 forty, is also effective. If the disease is very abundant three or four 

 sprayings may be needed. Bordeaux mixture is not a satisfactory 

 remedy. 

 Reference. 



Geneva, N. Y., Expt. Sta. Bull. 161. 



