102 BULLETIN UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA. 



Butterfly Expanse, 2.00 to 2.25 inches, 50 to 64 mm. Upper surface 

 fulvous ; a little tawny at base, the apical portion of the fore wings black, 

 this continued as a border to the posterior angle. The apical black con- 

 tains an oblique fulvous bar beyond the cell, and the submarginal dots 

 as in atalanta, the first two blended, and one farther down in the fulvous. 

 Besides this there are five triangular black marks, two of which are in 

 the cell. The border of both wings consists of three more or less distinct 

 lines, the inner on the hind wings in the form of a shade. The apical 

 portion of the border on the fore wings is washed with lilac; and there 

 is a gray-blue bar at the anal angle. Hind wings have a submarginal 

 row of five black spots, the second and fifth pupiled with blue. Costa 

 black. 



The under side of fore wings is red, except the apical portion, which 

 is marked as above. Hind wings marbled with brownish black and white, 

 with two large ocelli. By these it is easily distinguished. The outer 

 border is four black lines, with violet between the two inner. 



Early Stages The mature larva is 1.25 inches, 32 mm, long, the body 

 velvety black, between the joints four transverse lines of pale yellow alter- 

 nating with narrow black lines. The food plants are Gnaphalium, Anten- 

 naria, Artemisia, and allied species. 



Distribution From Nova Scotia to Mexico. In the state it is report- 

 ed only by Campbell Carrington and William B. Logan, of the Expedition 

 in 1871, locality not given. 



THE MONARCHS, Genus Basilarchia. Scudder. 



Butterfly Head large; the eyes are large and naked; the antennae 

 moderately long, with a distinct club; palpi compact, stout, produced, 

 densely scaled. The fore wings are sub-triangular, apex well rounded, 

 the lower two-thirds of the outer margin slightly excavated. The first 

 two sub-costal nervules arise before the end of the cell. The hind wings 

 are rounded, crenulate. 



Early Stages Eggs nearly spherical, the surface pitted with large 

 hexagonal cells. The mature caterpillar is cylindrical, the second seg- 

 ment with two prominent rugose club-shaped tubercles; they are strik- 

 ingly mottled or spotted. Chrysalis suspended by a stout cremaster. 

 They feed upon the leaves of various species of oak, birch, willow, or 

 linden. Three species are found in the state, to be separated from each 

 other by the following key. 



Key to species. 



1. Ground color fulvous or mahogany archippus 



Ground color black. 2. 



2. Both wings with broad white bands. 3. 



Wings without broad white bands. astyanax. 



3. YellowxSh white bar near the end of the cell of the fore wings, apex 



and upper margin, of the same, reddish. lorquini 



Bar and red color absent, and a submarginal series of white spots 

 present. wiedemeyeri 



