BUTTERFLIES OF MONTANA. 105 



THE WOOD NYMPHS, THE MEADOW-BROWNS. SUBFAMILY 

 Agapetinae. 



The butterflies belonging to this subfamily are for the most part of 

 medium size, and are generally obscure in color, being of some shade 

 of brown or gray, though a few species are brightly colored. The mark- 

 ings consist almost entirely of eyelike spots, dark pupiled in the center 

 with a point of lighter color, and ringed about with one or more light 

 circles. They are possessed of a weak flight. Most of them are forest 

 living insects, though a few inhabit the cold and bleak summits of mount- 

 ains and grassy patches near the margins of streams in the far North. 



The family includes chiefly brown butterflies whose markings consist 

 almost entirely of eyelike spots. Some of the western species are brightly 

 colored. The insects are easily recognized by their having some of the 

 veins of the fore wings greatly swollen at the base. 



The larvae are cylindrical, tapering more or less toward each end. 

 The candal segment is bifurcated, a character that distinguishes them 

 from all other American butterfly larvae excepting those of some of the 

 emperors (Chlorippe). 



The Chrysalids are rounded; in some cases the transformation takes 

 place beneath rubbish on the ground without any preparation of cell or 

 suspension of the body. Nearly fifty species have been described from 

 America north of Mexico. 



Key to Genera. 



1. Eyes very hairy 2. 

 Eyes naked or nearly so 3. 



2. Outer margin of hind wings angled Enodia 

 Outer margin of hind wings evenly rounded Satyrodes 



3. Upper surface of fore wings with eye spots 4. 

 Upper surface of fore wings without eye spots 5. 



4. Spots ordered by some shade of red Erebia, P. 113 



Spots bordered by some shade of yellow Cercyonis, P. 105 



Spots light, color ochreous Coenonympha, P. 114 



Spots bordered by white or gray Neominois, P. 121 



5. Lower surface of hind wings mottled Oeneis, P. 119 



Genus CERCYONIS. 

 (The Wood Nymphs.) 



Key to species. 



1. Fore wings with or without a buff band, but with two ocelli alope 



No buff bands, fore wings with two occelli on fore wings and one 



on hind wings, both showing above sylvestis, var. charon 



THE COMMON WOOD NYMPH, Ceryonis alope Fabricus. Fig. 83, 84, 82. 



Butterfly Expanse of wings 1.75 to 2.00 inches, male. Upper surface 



blackish brown, darkest over the basal area; outer margin consisting of 



two fine parallel lines, a little within which is a black stripe. The fore 



