FLOURS. 



29 



PLATE XL 



4TT*> /"\ iaa ^**V^V_~P>V // 



at. 



Fig. 21. Rye Flour, (x 240.) 



a, Starch the grains are larger than those of wheat, and often show a stellate 

 hilum. 



al, Aleurone. 



ap, Aleurone layer. 



b b', Brown layer. 



co, Cotyledon. 



ct, Transverse cells ; the cell walls are thinner and less pitted than those o 

 wlieat. 



e, e', Epidermis of the pericarp with pitted cell ivalls. 



ec, Scutellum. 



es, Epidermis of scutellum. 



flV, Fibrovascular bundle of the raphe. 



h, Hyaline layer. 



m, Hypoderma. 



p, Protective hair. 



pi, Pigment cells. 



CC. 



sc, Sclerenchymatous cells, less abundant than in wheat. 

 t, Tubular cells. 



