102 FLOWERS. 



(54) Dalmatian Insect Flowers. 



The unexpanded flower-heads of Chrysanthemum cineraria- 

 folium, Vis. (N.O. Composites). 



The following are the organs that should be present in 

 Dalmatian insect powder; they are arranged in order of 

 importance, and the particular distinguishing features are 

 appended to each : 



Fragments of the Bracts. The epidermis is striated and pro- 

 vided with numerous stomata, T-shaped hairs, and oil-glands ; 

 under the epidermis of the central part there is a very 

 characteristic fibrous hypoderma ; the margins are very thin 

 and bear numerous T-shaped hairs. 



Corolla oftlie Ligulate Florets. This is characterised by the 

 upper (inner) epidermis, which is papillose over the whole sur- 

 face, and by the sinuous striated cells of the lower (outer 

 epidermis. 



Corolla of the Tubular Florets. The epidermis is papillose 

 near the apex, but smooth over the remainder of the corolla, the 

 latter portion consisting of regular cells containing rosette 

 crystals of calcium oxalate. 



Calyx of the Tubular Florets. The tissue of the calyx is 

 strengthened by the presence of numerous elongated, lignified 

 cells ; at the junction of the calyx with the ovary there is a disc 

 composed of large, very irregular cells, with thick lignified 

 pitted walls. Very many of these cells contain a prismatic 

 crystal of calcium oxalate, one in each. 



Ovary. The epidermis of the intercostal depressions is 

 characterised by the presence of a multitude of oil-glands and 

 clino-rhombic crystals. There is a lignified hypoderma similar 

 to that of the lower part of the calyx. The walls of the ovary 

 contain very large ducts filled with a brown, granular secretion. 

 Anthers. The filaments consist of regularly arranged square 

 cells ; the pollen grains are tubercular and exhibit three pores. 



Style. The cells at the apex are papillose; those of the 

 stigma present a scale-like arrangement. 



Receptacle. Characterised by large, rounded, pitted cells. 

 Peduncle. Debris of this are furnished with T-shaped hairs 

 and glands. 



In addition to these, numerous fragments of nbro-vascular 

 bundles may be found, large secretory ducts from the bracts, 

 ovary, etc., as well as detached oil-glands and hairs. 



The principal anatomical features that allow of the false insect 

 flowers being distinguished from the genuine Dalmatian are 

 Vie, size and sinuous shape of the epidermal cells of the ligulate 

 corollas and the absence of oil-glands from the lower part ; the 

 paucity and smallness -of the oil-glands at the base of the tubular 

 corollas ; the deep colour and cha-rc-cteristic appearance of the 

 secretory ducts of the ovary ; the characteristic cells of the walls of 

 the ovary ) and the shape of the hairs on the brae 



