SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 



xliii 



In the hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, the position of the 

 fixed points is reversed ; for the is at the top of the stem, and denotes 

 the level to which the hydrometer sinks in distilled water : the 10th 

 degree is lower down, and shows the level to which sinks in the 

 saline solution, and the graduation is continued downwards to the 75th 

 d^ee. 



HYDROMETER FOR HEAVY FLUIDS, OB PESE-ACID. 



The only inconvenience of Baume*s hydrometers, is, that they require 

 several ounces of liquor to float them, and hence they cannot be used 

 for small quantities of liquids. In this case recourse may most conve- 

 niently be had to a statical examination, by first ascertaininir how 

 many grains of water is held by a very small, light bottle, with one 

 neck of the ordinary dimensions (or, which is ])etter, two very slender 

 necks, that 'the air may escape by the one, while the liquid is poured in 

 by the other,) when filled to a mark in the neck, and again how many 

 grains the bottle will hold of the liquid under examination. For then 

 as the weight of the water it holds is to that of the liquid, so is the 

 specific gravity of water to that of the liquid. 



The following are the specific gravities and degrees of Baume of some 

 of the most usual liquids. 



