I. VEGETABLES.— CiNAROCEPHALE^. '65 



•Dandelion, Piss-a-hed, Dens leonis, Tarajcacum, Leontodon 



taraxacum. Root, faraxaci radix, diuretic, roasted and used as 



coffee ; blancheil leaves used in salads ; inspissated juice and 



extract much used, or a strong decoction of the roots, jj — iv, two 



)r three times a day, detergent, aperitive, and deobstruent. 



Leoxtodok bulbosus. Root anodyne. 



ScoRzoNEBA, Jlpcrs yrass, Scorzoiieva Hlspanica. Eaten. 



HuNGABiAN viper's GRASS, Scorzouera sfdhccBndea, S» pur^ 

 pwrecu 



•Yellow goats-beard, Go-to^bed-at-noojif Tragopogon pra^ 

 tense, — *SALSAFy, T. purpureumy T. porrifolium. Roots eaten 

 as pot-herbs, opening, and supposed to be useful in affections of the 

 chest ; young shoots also esculent. 



99. CINAROCEPHALE.E. 



*Great bur-dock, Lappa, Bardana, major, Arctium lappa. 

 Young shoots stripped eaten as asparagus ; root used in disorders 

 of the skin, diaphoretic, diuretic, also useful in dropsy, 3ij of the 

 fresh root Wiled in three pints of water to two, and the whole 

 Irank in a day and night; seeds diuretic, diaphoretic, and slightly 

 purgative. 



•Our lady's thistle, Milk thistle, Carduus Marice, C. Ma- 

 rianiLs, Pectoral, antipleuritic, aperitive. 



Artichoke, Cinara, Scolgmus, C. scolymus. Receptacle and 

 base of the calyx scales eaten as a pot-herb ; the bottoms are pre- 

 crved in brine ; infusion of the flowers used as rennet. 



Chardoon, Cinara cardunculus. Aperitive, diuretic, and 

 iphrodisiac ; flowers used to curdle milk ; petioles and ribs of the 

 leaves eaten as potherbs. 



Fish thistle, Acarna, Carduus casahona, — Theophrastus''s 



^^TLE, Acamus, Carduus St/riaais. Eaten as potherbs while 



Melancholy thistle, Cirsium, Carduus Monspeliacus. Root 

 bound on varices to assuage the pain of them. 



Woolly-headed thistle, Friar s croum, Carduus eriophorus. 

 Receptacle eaten as artichokes. 



Carline thistle, Carlina, Cfiamadeon alhus, Carlina acardis. 

 Root restorative, usef^ul after great fatigue, when proper refresh- 

 nuuts cannot l)c prcKHued : formerly in common use with military 

 iiRM and f(X)t travellers. 



•Prickly carline iuistle, Carlina vulgaris. Diuretic and 

 diaphoretic ; the dried calyx may serve as a hygrometer ; in fine 

 weather it opens horizontally, and is even sometimes reflexed ; 

 on the contrary, in wet weather it is closed. — Carlina acanthifolia. 

 K' ctptaclc esculent. 



