II. ANIMALS.— Mammalia. 135 



Rennet^ calves' maws, coaguhnn. The stomachs of calves washed, 

 and preserved either in brine or dry salt ; used to curdle milk, two 

 square inches from the bottom usually sufficient for a cheese of 

 601b. — Braim. Boiled, used by the vermicelli-makers to grease 

 the screws of their presses. — Skulls, canards ; — inside of the horns, 

 comillons ; — remains of the rib bones left by the button-mould 

 makers, dentelle des houtonniers, escajillottes ; — The tails, ox tails. 

 All used to make glue and portable soup. — Shavings of calves* 

 shin bones, ossa vitnlina. Sold for hartshorn shavings. — Brochettes, 

 the thin parings cut by the currier from skins ; — Buenos Aj/res, 

 the trimmings of foreign hides, and the raw-hide thongs used to 

 tie the hides together ; — Patins, the tendons of the legs attached 

 to the small hind hoofs ; — Ne?'fde boeiif, the genitals of the male; 

 — The ears and skins of calves' heads are all used to make glue 

 and size. — Cow heels, the feet from which the hoofs have been 

 separated, used to make hatmaker's glue. — Outside of the horms ; — 

 Hoofs, used for making steel and Prussian blue, will not make 

 glue or soup. — Teeth, distilled for subcarbonate of ammonia. — 

 Hides, made into leather, either by tawing, tanning, or smoking, 

 — Refuse bones of butcheries and kitchens, boiled for bone grease, 

 and made into bone black. — Horns from Brazil, 9.L to 9.1. 5s. by 

 the 123.— Hides, foreign, 5d. to 8d» the lb. 



Goldheater\<i skin, prepared from the peritoneal membrane of 

 the ca-cum, which, as soon as it is detached, is pulled out to the 

 extent of two feet or upwards, then dried. The dried membrane, 

 which has the appearance of a piece of packthread, is then 

 soaked in a very weak solution of potash, anct spread out flat on a 

 frame ; another membrane is then taken and applied to the other, 

 so that the two surfaces which adhered to the muscular membrane 

 of the intestine may adhere together ; they unite perfectly, and 

 soon dry. The skins are then glued on a hollow frame, washed 

 witli alum water, dried, washed with a solution of isinglass in 

 white wine, to which spices, such as cloves, nutmegs, ginger, or 

 camphire, have been added, and varnished with white of egg. 

 Used to separate the leaves of gold while being beat thinner, and 

 as a defensive for cuts. — Allantoides of calves, prepared in the 

 same manner ; used to make air balloons for lectures. — Blown up 

 intestines, prepared by cutting off the fat and part of the peritoneal 

 membrane, turning them inside out, macerating in water for a few 

 days, until about one-third of the mucous membrane can be 

 removed in strips by the nail, blowing them up, drying them, 

 pressing out the air, exposing them to the fumes of burning brim- 

 stone, and finally packmg them in boxes or bags, along with a 

 small quantity of pepper, camphire, and other aromatics. Lately 

 the water in which tne intestines are macerated has two pails of 

 water, to each of which twelve ounces of Javelle bleaching liquid 



