II. ANIMALS.— Mambialia. 139 



Elk, Cerv2is alee. Hoof, ungula alcis, smells very sweet when 

 scraped, made into necklaces in France for^ teething children ; 

 shavings, 3j in powder, in epileptic fits. 



Horse, Equus caballus. Flesh of the young animal nutritive, 

 stronor smelling, eaten in some countries, smoked for keeping by 

 the Tartars ; tongues salted and dried, sold for neats' tongues ; 

 bones boiled for bone grease, and distilled for bone black ; skins 

 tawed for thongs of whips, also tanned and smoked, shagreen, 

 very tough, particularly the croup. 



Catgut, From the intestines, which are soaked in water, with 

 a pailful of weakened Javelle bleaching liquid for each eight or 

 ten sets ; the mucous membrane is then separated, the intestine 

 cut into four strips by forcing a ball with four knives placed 

 crosswise along them, these strips twisted, and when dry, any 

 slight inequalities removed by fish skin ; used for turning-lathes 

 and other machinery. Stomach of the foal, horse rennet, used to 

 curdle mares' milk ; hair of the tail twisted round wooden cyhn- 

 ders and baked, used to make elastic cushions. 



Ass, Asinus, Equns asuius. Flesh eaten, and esteemed a 

 delicacy ; skins made into shagreen ; intestines made into coarse 

 catgut ; yield milk. — Mule, E. mulus. Skin made into shagreen ; 

 intestines made into coarse catgut. 



Brown bear, Ursus Europceus. Abdominal fat used.— « 

 llliite bear, U. maritimus. Gall used. 



Rabbit, Lepus cuniculus. Stomach, rabbit rennet, used to 

 curdle milk. — Hare, L, timidus. Gall used. 



Civet cat, Viverra zibetJia, Dried glandular follicle from 

 1)eneath the tail, zivet perfume, pooUughoo shuttum, sold in the 

 Indian bazars, contains civet. — V, Indica ; — Pole cat, Mustela 

 putorius. Yield civet. 



Bkaver, Castor Jiher. Large follicles near the genitals, castor 

 pods, ciistoreum in vesicis, contains castor. — Russia Ji castor, CaS" 

 toreum Jiossicum, C. Sibcrinum, in large pods, contents friable, 

 not quite dry, liver colour, strong peculiar smell, taste acrid, 

 bitter. The pods are prepared by boiling them for ten minutes 

 in a ley of wood ashes, then drying and smoking them for an hour 

 >ver a fire upon which sc^me birch bark is laid; ordered by the 

 London college to be alone used in medicine, but it is scarcely to 

 be procured at any price. — Nev) England castor, C. Novce Anglice, 

 'nglicanum. Pods smaller, smell very different from the 

 an : imported from North America. 



£l£PUant, Elephas Capensis. Tusks, ivory, ebur, dens 

 f^>/>hantis, shavings, rasurcB eboris ; used to make jelly and ivory 

 hl.uik ; from Africa. 





