Sugars. 149 



White sugar, Cane su^ar^ Befined sugar, Sal Indus, Saccharum 

 album, S. purissimum, S. punficatum. The essential salt of the 

 su^ar-cane, prepared bv clarifyinGj the juice with eggs or blood, 

 getting rid of the superfluous acid by the addition of lime-water, 

 and evaporating it till the sugar crystallises on cooling. The 

 uncrjstallisable portion (treacle) is then drained from the granular 

 mass, and that which remains in the first instance got rid of by 

 passing small portions of water, or, according to a late improve- 

 ment, of saturated syrup, through the mass ; 112 lbs. of raw sugar 

 yield, on refining, 56* of refined lump, 22 of bastards, 29 of me- 

 lasses, and 5 of dregs ; used for making very light-coloured wine, 

 and the best syrups; reduced in France by sugar of milk, that 

 sold at Marseilles contains from 1 to 25 lb. of sugar of milk in 

 each cwt. ; sugar is nutritive, laxative, but griping ; externally 

 applied to ulcers, it is escharotic. 



Browx sugar, Raw sugar. Moist sugar, Mel cannce, Saccharum 

 Tid)rum, S, iwn purijicatutn, Saccharum, P. L. since 1809- Cane 

 sugar, from which the treacle has not been thoroughly separated ; 

 used for making wines, vinegar, and coarse syrups. 



Chinese sugar. From Saccharum Sinense, richer than that 

 of the East Indian cane. 



Brown sugar candy, Saccharum candum ruhrum. From 

 Germany. — White sugar candy, Saccharum candum album. Sugar 

 crystallised by the saturated syrup being left in a very warm 

 place, from 90 to 100 deg. Fahr., and the shooting promoted by 

 ing sticks, or a net of threads, at small distances from each 

 er ni the liquor ; it is also deposited from compound syrups, 

 d does not seem to retain any of the foreign substances with 

 which they were loaded : it may, however, be coloured red by 

 ans of cochineal. Being longer in dissolving than sugar, it is 

 d in coughs to keep the throat moist ; and is also blown into 

 the eye, as a very mild escharotic in films or dimness of that 

 organ. 



Treacle, Melasses, Mel ustum, Theriaca communis. The 

 black uncrystallisable portion of the juice of the sugar, used as a 

 cheap sweet, also for making beer, rum, and the very dark syrups, 

 as those of white poppies, and of buckthorn berries. Its taste 

 may be amended by boiling with bone black and water. It pre- 

 serves vegetable powders better than sugar ; English. 



Parsnep suo a r ; — Skirret su//ar ; — Carrot sugar ; — Beet sugar. 

 Made from the roots by decoction in water, expression, and eva- 

 poration, or by simple expression of the juice; one cwt. of beet 

 yields only one lb. of sugar. — Cow-parsni'p sugar. The stalks, 

 when dry, exude sugar ; four lb. yield four oz. 



Maple sugar. Much used in America. — Walnut sugar. 



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