Sugars. 151 



HoLcus SUGAR. The lari^e grass, Holcus Cafer, was brought 

 from the South of Africa, and has begun to be cultivated in some 

 parts of Italy, Bavaria, and Hungary. The sugar that it yields 

 IS said to be equal to that of the cane. 



Dulse sugar. Extractible from fuci, is analogous to the 

 sugar extractible from onions, and the crystallisabie sugar of 

 manna: they do not form wine, but change at once to vinegar. — 

 Sugar may also be made from many other plants. 



Starch sugar. One hundred parts of stai'ch are to be mixed 

 with 200 of water, and added gradually to another 200 of water, 

 previously mixed with one of oil of vitriol, and brought to a boil- 

 ing heat in a tinned copper vessel : the mixture is kept boiling for 

 thirty-six hours, water being occasionally added to keep up the 

 original quantity : some bone black is then added, and also some 

 chalk to get rid of the acid : it is afterwards strained and evapo- 

 rated by a gentle heat to the consistence of a syrup, and set by to 

 crystallise. This sugar resembles that of grapes. If the quantity 

 of oil of vitriol be increased to five or six parts, a few hours* boil- 

 ing will suffice. 



Potato sugar, Sirop de pommes de terre. From the washed 

 pulp of potatoes, by the same process ; used to make beer, and 

 potato whiskey. 



Rag sugar. Sugar has lately been obtained by treating linen 

 rags with water acidulated with oil of vitriol, in the same manner 

 as starch for starch sugar. 



Spanish liquorice, Black sugar, Succits glj/cyrrhizcB simplex^ 

 S. Hispanicus. By boiling liquorice root in water, straining the 

 decoction, and evaporating to dryness, but is usually imported ; a 

 common demulcent, taken ad libitum : reduced by adding the 

 pulp of plums. 



Extractum glycyrrhiz.«. The same, but evaporated only 

 to a consistence fit for rolling into pills ; demulcent, 3j to 3iij ; 

 frequently used to cover the taste of aloes and other medicines, 

 in draughts or mixtures. The root yields about half its weight 

 of this extract. 



Cassia pulp, Pulpa cassice extracta^ CassicR pulpa. The pods 

 of cassia fistula are broken, the pulp washed out with cold water, 



I strained, and evaporated to a pilular consistence ; laxative, «ss 

 to 3J, but seldom used separate. Four lb. new pods yield about 

 one lb. pulp. 

 Tamarind vulp^ Pulpa tamarindi extracta, Tamarindi pulpa. 

 Prepared like cassia pulp; cooling, laxative, Sss, to .Vjss, or from 

 3ij to ^iij may be added to Ibj of water for a cooling drink. 



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