160 III. COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— 



nigri. From henbane leaves ; anodyne, antispasmodic ; gr. ss to 

 3SS a day ; ] cwt. ^ of the green herb yielded I lib. of extract. 



Rob diacaryon sine :melle, Extr, jaglandis immaturi. The 

 juice of unripe walnuts boiled down ; vermifuge, its taste being 

 covered with cinnamon water. 



Th RID ACE, Extr. lactuccR^ Slice, spis. lacf.ucce sativce. From the 

 expressed juice of common garden lettuce; narcotic, used as a 

 substitute for opium : gr. ij to gr. x, bis terve de die. 



Extr. sTRAMONii. From juice of thorny apple : narcotic and 

 antispasmodic, gr. i to gr. viij, bis terve de die. 



Succ. spis. LACTUC.E viRQs^. From strong-scented wild lettuce, 

 laxative, diuretic, gr. iij to xv daily, in obstinate dropsies. 



Concentrated orange juice, Succ. spis. aurantiorum. — 

 Concentrated lemon jidce^ Succus spissutus limonum. From the 

 juice of oranges, or lemons; for use where the fruit cannot be 

 obtained. 



Lemon juice. From the lemons which get spoiled before 

 they can be sold. 



Citron juice, Acetositas citri. Exported from Italy in large 

 casks. 



Verjuice, Omphacinm. The juice of unripe grapes, the juice 

 of crab apples ; distilled vinegar is sold for it. 



A number of juices of plants are kept by the French druggists 

 in flasks, covered with oil, but they are not called for in England : 

 even citron juice has ceased to be kept in our shops. 



WATERY EXTRACTS. 



Prepared by boiling plants in water, straining the decoction, 

 and evaporating it to a proper consistence. Barry's extracts 

 differ from the common by the evaporation being carried on in a 

 vacuum produced by admitting steam into the apparatus, which 

 resembles a retort with its receiver ; the part containing the liquor 

 to be evaporated being a polished iron bowl. As the temperature 

 is much lower than in the common way, the virtues of the plant 

 are less altered, the extracts are generally green, and contain 

 saline crystals, but some of them will not keep. Extracts are 

 mostly used for the same purposes as the plants themselves, but 

 in a smaller dose. To make extracts smooth, chemists sometimes 

 add to each quarter of a cwt. lib. of gum Arabic, and a pint of 

 olive oil ; or to every 31b. add a little gum, 5ij of olive oil, and 

 3j of rectified spirit, which will give it a gloss. 



Extractum cacuminum absinthii. From wormwood tops, 

 gr. X to 3ss, ter die. 



