200 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— 

 a retort, placed in a pan of cold water, and pour upon it, by 

 deoTees,a mixture of 3xi) of oil of vitriol with ^xix by measure of 

 spirit of wine, which has been made gradually and grown cold ; 

 let the vapour, the evolution of which must be regulated with 

 great caution by the addition of warm or cold water to that in the 

 pan, pass through a pint of spirit of wine. To the ethereal liquor 

 thus obtained, add about 3) of subcarbonate of potash to neutralise 

 the acid, the ether will swim on the surface : if it be required very 

 pure, it may be rectified to one half, by distillation in a water 

 bath, at about 140 deg. Fahr. ; scarcely ever used. 



Etheu muriaticus. Obtained by distilHng, by a very gentle 

 heat, a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and liquid concentrated 

 hydrochloric acid. Is extremely volatile, and is decomposed by 

 water. Its action is nearly that of sulphuric ether. 



^Ether ML'RiATicus ALCOHOLTCUs. (Phaj\ Par.) Dry salt ^viij, 

 ground black oxide of manganese jiij, mix, add alcohol ;=xxiv, 

 rectified oil of vitriol ^vj, distil into a cooled receiver 5XVJ, It 

 should show 22 deg. Baume. 



JEther aceticus. Put acetate of potash 3 xvj into a retort; 

 mix alcohol =xvj with rectified oil of vitriol ^vj, pour it on the 

 acetate and distil to dryness. To the distilied liquor add lime 

 water to separate the ether. 



Oil of wine, Oleum vini. Mix equal measures of spirit of 

 wine and oil of vitriol, distil by gentle heat, taking care that the 

 black scum does not pass over into the receiver ; separate the oily 

 portion that passes over, add liquor potassae to saturate the acid, 

 then distil it by a gentle heat; ether passes over, and the oil 

 remains floating on the liquor. 



Oleum ethereum. Continue the distillation of the ingre- 

 dients for sulphuric ether, with a less degree of heat, after the 

 ether is come over, until a black froth begins to rise, then remove 

 the retort from the fire, adding suflficient water to the liquor in 

 the retort, that the oil may float on the surface ; separate this oil, 

 and add lime water, q. s. to neutralise the adherent acid, upon 

 which the oil will separate itself; antispasmodic ; used as an ingre- 

 dient in the compound spirit of aether. 



Pyroligneous ether. From wood very copiously: more vola- 

 tile than alcohol : has a peculiar odour, but burns well in lapras. 



TURPENTINES AND BALSAMS. 



Balsam UM Judaicum, B, de Mecha, Opohahamum. Exudes 

 from incisions made in Amyris Gileadensis, or Amyris opobalsa- 

 mum, and is at first turbid, yellow, becomes clear, gold colour, of 

 a very penetrating sweet turpentiny smell, and has a sharp, bitter, 

 astringent taste : a drop of it let fall on warm water spreads over 

 the whole surface, and on the water cooling, again contracts itself. 



