

Resinous Extracts. 213 



S6 deg. Baiime, lb. iij, boil, when cool, decant and pour on fresh 

 alcohol lb. iij, mix the tinctures, add distilled water lb. ij, and mu- 

 riatic acid 3 oz. ; take away the fatty matter that is separated, 

 aiid the piperine will be found collected on the filter and sides of 

 the vessel in fine crystals. 



2. Digest black pepper in alcohol as long as any thing is taken 

 up, evaporate the tinctures, wash the fat that is obtained with 

 boiling water, dissolve it in alcohol, leave the alcohol to evaporate 

 spontaneously, and crystals of piperine will be obtained. 



Quinine. Made from yellow bark, in the same manner as 

 cinchonine from common Peruvian bark ; white, scarcely soluble 

 in water, very soluble in ether, by which it may be separated from 

 cinchonine, if they are mixed together. 



Salicine. The principle on which the febrifuge properties of 

 the willow-bark depend. M. Leroux obtained it by the following 

 process : — Boil three pounds of the willow-bark {salix helix) in 

 15 pounds of water, holding 4 ounces of subcarbonate of potash 

 in solution ; strain, and add to the cold decoction 2 pounds of 

 fluid subacetate of lead ; filter, add sulphuric acid, and precipitate 

 the whole lead by sulphuretted hydrogen gas ; saturate the excess 

 of acid by chalk ; filter again, evaporate and neutralize it by dilute 

 sulphuric acid ; remove the colouring matter by charcoal, and 

 filter it hot ; crystallize twice if the salt is coloured after the first 

 crystallization, and dry in the shade. This process gives about 

 one ounce of salicine. M. Leroux obtains five per cent, of the 

 weight of the bark. It exists in the bark of many species of 



ix, as the common willow, Saltx monandra, S, incana, S.Jissa^ 

 ic. Salicine thus obtained is in small silky groups of pearly 

 white crystals, is very soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in 

 ether, is extremely liitter, and smells like willow bark. This 

 substance possesses febrifuge qualities, but not in a degree equal 

 to sulphate of quinia. May be given in the dose of 6 or 8 grains 

 between the paroxysms of intermittents. 



SoLANiNE. Filter the juice of nightshade berries, quite ripe, 

 add ammonia; filter, wash the sediment, boil in alcohol; filter, 

 and distil off the spirit ; the solanine is left as a white powder ; 

 not soluble in water, bitter; emetic, narcotic. 



Strychnine. Boil rasped nux vomica three times in water, 

 adding at last a very little muriatic acid, evaporate the decoction 

 to the consistence of syrup ; add fresh quick lime, 1 oz. to each 5 

 o7, of the nux vomica, strain through cloth, wash the sediment 

 'liol at 25i deg. to dissolve the brucine, dry the remaining 

 ]' . ite, add alcohol at 'J() dog. to dissolve the strychnine, boil 

 and eva|Kjratc alK)Ut 4-5ths, the strychnine crystallizes as the 

 alcohol cools, and may be rendered purer by dissolving again in 

 alcohol, evaporation, and crystallization ; the brucine, being more 

 soluble in spirit, remains m solution. White, crystalline, or 



