316 WATERY LIQUIDS.- 



them peculiar flavours, and render them similar to some celebrated 

 grape wines. Thus bitter almonds are added to give a nutty 

 flavour ; sweet briar, orris root, clary, cherry, laurel water, and 

 elder flowers, to form the bouquet of high-flavoured wines ; alum, 

 to render young and meagre red wines bright ; Brazil wood, cake 

 of pressed elderberries and bilberries, to render pale faint Port of 

 a rich deep purple colour ; oak sawdust, and the husks of filberts, 

 to give additional astringency to unripe red wines ; and a tincture 

 of the seeds of raisins to flavour fictitious Port wine. Wine is 

 coloured with red beet, but in this case it is rendered colourless 

 by lime water. Genuine red wines yield a greenish grey preci- 

 pitate, with a solution of sugar of lead ; but those coloured with 

 bilberries, elderberries, or logwood, give deep blue precipitates, 

 and those coloured by Brazil wood, red sanders, and red beet, 

 red precipitates. Gypsum is used to clear cloudy white wines, 

 as also lime; and the size of a walnut of sugar of lead, with a 

 table spoonful of sal enixum, is put to 4^2 gall, of muddy wine to 

 clear it ; and hence, as the sugar of lead is decomposed, it is 

 changed into an insoluble sulphate of lead : the practice is not so 

 dangerous as has been represented by those afflicted with the 

 poison mania. 



GBAFE WINES. 



Madeira, Vinum Maderaicense. Rich, full-bodied, sweet, 

 the acid being absorbed by adding raw plaster of Paris stone ; by 

 which means the wine is enabled to be sent to the East and West 

 Indies to ripen it, and from thence to London, without turning 

 sour during the voyage. Useful in bites of poisonous snakes, a 

 bottle drank ia two doses, a few minutes one after the other. 

 Yielded to Newmann 6*59 in the 100 of spirit by weight, to 

 Brande 22*27 by measure. 



Canary sack, Palma sack, Vidonia, Fayal, Teneriffe, V, 

 Canarium^ Vinunu P. U. S. An inferior kind of Madeira. New- 

 mann, Palma sack 6-59; Brande, Teneriffe 19*79; Vidonia 19*25 

 of spirit. 



Sherry, Vinum Xeres, V. album Hispanicum, Vinum, P. L. 

 Dry, well-fermented. Newmann 6*59; Brande 19*17. 



Mountain wine, Vinum album montanum, V, album Hispanic 

 cum. Sweet. 



Rhenish, Hock, Vinum Rhenanum, Acerb, made from 

 scarcely ripened grapes ; when mixed with sugar has a fine per- 

 fume. Newmann 6-25 ; Brande 12 08. 



LissA. Brande 2647, being the strongest examined by him. 

 Burgundy, V, Burgundicum, Like most French wines made 

 from selected grapes (the bad berries being cut off^ the stalks), 



