VOLTES AND PIKOUETTES. 91 



the lighter must he the fore-hand of the 

 horse ; and in the pirouette the spurs 

 must act strongly in collecting the forces 

 of the croup, while the hand carries 

 back upon the hind-quarters the point 

 of balance of the weights and directs 

 the movement. The spurs having col- 

 lected the horse act only to steady the 

 croup, and in the earlier lessons the 

 outside spur will be used to bring up 

 the outside hind-leg as the mass moves 

 about the inner hind-leg as a pivot. 

 The voltes are made in exactly the same 

 manner, and by the same means, as 

 the changes of direction in traversing. 

 The position of the body of the horse, 

 with reference to the angle at each 

 point of the circumference, must be 

 observed, and while the fore-hand must 



