TEACHING TO LEAP. 99 



how horses that are punished with the 

 spurs or whip every time they approach 

 a leap, acquire a horror of everything 

 that reminds them of the torture, and 

 that such will face obstacles only when 

 the excitement of the chase has obli- 

 terated from their memory all recollec- 

 tion of the pains that attend leaping. 

 So, too, a horse crippled either in 

 fore-feet or in hind- quarters, will natu- 

 rally avoid the exertion that must 

 bring suffering. But a high-spirited 

 horse does not object to leaping when 

 it is unattended by the pain of spurs 

 or of lameness. 



I have had horses that would leap 

 the bar when turned loose in the 

 school; and this year I had a young 

 mare in training that would leap a 



