200 THROUGH CANADA 



The scales are small, numbering from 130 to 140 in 

 the lateral line. The tail is narrow and well forked. 

 The back is blue-tinted, running to silver below the 

 lateral line, giving the fish a handsome appearance. 

 During the spring season it undergoes a complete 

 change in colour. Its sides grow carmine, and the 

 head and tail change to deep olive green. 



The humpback {OjicorhyncJms gorbuscha) becomes 

 hogbacked in the autumn to a degree of malforma- 

 tion that accounts for its name. The scales are very 

 small, 180 to 240 in the lateral line. Black spots 

 cover the back and fins. It has 15 rays in the 

 anal, 12 branchiostigals and 28 gill rakers. It has a 

 bluish-tinted back and is silvery beneath. It weighs 

 from 3 to 6 lbs. It grows darker in shade towards the 

 back ; the head is pointed, and the upper mandible 

 crooked like an old cock salmon. 



The dog salmon {Oncorhynchus keta) is from 10 to 

 12 lbs. ; 14 rays in the anal, 14 branchiostigals, and 24 

 gill rakers. Its scales are much larger for its size than 

 the spring fish, 1 50 in lateral line. The head is longer 

 but not so sharp. When taken from the sea the dog 

 salmon is a dark silvery tint with black fins. In 

 the river it turns dusky, and the sides grow red, the 

 head becomes distorted, and the front teeth grow 

 large and dog-like in appearance, which accounts for 

 the name. 



There are five or six species of trout. Points of 

 differentiation in some cases are so slight that a 



