230 HELIX. 



vex, rapidly increasing, separated by impressed sutures, the last large 

 rounded, deeply descending anteriorly ; aperture oblique, slightly 

 lunate, wide transverse-oblong ; peristome thickened with white, ex- 

 panded, the columellar margin nearly straight, but a little curved, 

 broadly reflexed and appressed over the umbilicus, the margins con- 

 verging, approximating, united by a strong callus. 



Diam. 35, alt. 21 mill. (Bourguignaf) 



Mts. of Northern Mesopotamia and Kurdistan. 



H. Kurdistana var baschkira Pfr. is synonymous. 



Kobelt considers this form a thin-shelled local variety of H. gut- 

 tata. It differs from H. dschulfensis in the greater number of whorls. 



H. KURDISTANA Parreyss, 1861. PI. 55, figs. 39-41. 



More or less covered umbilicate, subturbinate-depressed solid, ir- 

 regularly arcuately striate, and marked with minute impressed spiral 

 lines, bluish ashen colored, with obsolete spiral brown bands ; spire 

 a little elevated, the apex wide, obtuse ; sutures submargined with 

 white ; whorls 5, slightly convex, the last wide, subdepressed, deflex- 

 ed anteriorly ; aperture very oblique, lunate-rotund, fleshy-brown 

 within, shining ; peristome labiate with white, broadly expanded, 

 concentrically striate without, the margins converging, joined by a 

 callus, columellar margin declivous, dilated over the umbilicus. 



Diam. 44, alt. 24 mill. (Pfei/er.) 



Kurdistan. 



Of this rare form Kobelt says : " It is the largest form of the H. 

 .gutta-ta series, and recalls in many respects, as Pieiffer truly remarks, 

 a certain variety of H. codringtoni. From michoniana and dscknl- 

 f ens is, to which it stands nearer than to the type, it is distinguished 

 by the larger size, and especially by the spiral lines ; other essential 

 differences I do not find. " 



H. ESCHERIANA Mousson, 1864. PI. 55, figs. 47-49. 



Umbilicate, subdepressed, rather thin, strongly arcuately striate, 

 with a whitish-yellow deciduous epidermis, and encircled by four 

 narrow brownish bands, interrupted by arrow-shaped white markings, 

 (one below, one peripheral, the rest above); spire rather depressed, 

 regularly increasing, apex purplish corneous; sutures subimpressed ; 

 whorls 5, the inner more convex than the following, the last subdi- 

 lated, suddenly strongly deflexed anteriorly ; aperture very oblique, 

 nearly horizontal, broad-oval nearly circular; peristome shining, 

 white, broadly expanded and reflexed, not appressed, slightly labiate 



