138 PAPUINA. 



parable to that of Polymita and Oxychona, and seems to be corre- 

 lated with arboreal habits. P. moseleyi bridges, to some extent, the 

 gap between the two types of teeth. 



Genital system having no accessory organs on the female side, 

 the spermatheca on a rather long duct. Penis containing a papilla 

 at its apex, continued in a long epiphallus which bears the retractor, 

 and which passes into the vas deferens, having no flagellum or 

 merely the rudiment of one. (PI. 37, fig. 5, P. trobriandensis ; pi. 

 37, figs. 3, 4, P. vexillaris ; pi. 37, figs. 7, 8, P.fringilla; pi. 13, fig. 16, 

 P. grata ; pi. 13, fig. 21, P. yulensis ; pi. 13, fig. 27, P. brumeriensis). 



In another series of species the penis is short, the epiphallus very 

 short, hardly distinguishable, ending in a short flagellum (pi. 13, 

 fig. 22, P. taumantias ; pi. 37, fig. 6, P. brazieri). Some of these 

 have the spermatheca duct very short. 



The prominent features of the anatomy are the weakness of the 

 thin jaw, the breadth of the cusps of the teeth, and the lack of a 

 flagellum upon the epiphallus, or its shortness, the union of epiphal- 

 lus and vas deferens being indicated only by a slight protuberance 

 at the end of the former, in most species. 



In some species (trobriandensis, woodlarkiana, moseleyi) the penis 

 is extremely small. In others (boyeri, louisiadensis, fringilla} it is 

 large and muscular. In one group of forms, taumantias, braziene, 

 tomasinelliaiia, gestroi, meditata, ridibunda, the epiphallus is reduced 

 to a very short extent, or even obsolete, and a short flagellum is 

 developed. There is, therefore, a wide range of variation in the soft 

 parts, as in the shells, of this genus. 



In P.fringilla the papilla is extremely long, and the walls of the 

 penis cavity are transversely corrugated (pi. 37, fig. 7). In P. 

 vexillaris the papilla is large but short (pi. 37, fig. 4). The eye- 

 stalk is retracted between the branches of the genitalia, as usual. 

 In P.fringilla the left edge of the mantle bears a lobe, at the posi- 

 tion where two lobes are shown in Thersites (Badistes) gulosa. 



The anatomy of many forms is now known : Binney has figured 

 the teeth of P. fringilla (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Ill, p. 113). Tappar- 

 one Ganefri has figured the genitalia of P. yulensis, kaiauensis, tau- 

 mantias, ridibunda, meditata, grata, novoguinecnsis, brazierce, gestroi,. 

 tomasinelliana (Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xix, pi. 6 and 7). Hedley 

 has illustrated the anatomy of P. brumeriensis, louisiadentif, rollsi- 

 ana, woodlarkiana, trobriandensis, and boyeri (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 

 S. Wales (2), vi, pi. 38-42. Pfeffer has figured the anatomy of P. 



