264 HELICELLA. 



pendix" (pi. 69, figs. 19, 20, 21, H. acuta ; fig. 21 upper part of 

 penis outlined, through which is seen the calcareous ring in which 

 the epiphallus ends, with attached retractor). The spermatophore 

 (fig. 20, x 8) is very long, oval in section, chitinoid in substance, 

 with an elevated closely serrate edge. In ventricosa and conoidea 

 mucus glands and a small dart sack are present. 



Distribution : middle and southern Europe, northern Africa, etc. 

 H. ventricosa introduced into Bermuda and very abundant there. 



The absence of mucus glands in H. barbara is remarkable, and 

 doubtless the result of degeneration. The spermatophore is similar 

 to that of Leptaxis which also has a similar boot-shaped sperma- 

 theca. 



H. barbara L., iv, 32. H. ventricosa Drap., iv, 32. 



acuta Mull. ventrosa Auct. 



meridionalis Risso. bulimoides Moq. 



fasciatus Penn. H. pringi Pfr., iv, 32. 



v. terveriana Mouss. H. bellucciana Bgt. 



H. conoidea Drap., iv, 31. H. duplicata Mouss., iv, 31. 



fibula Wood. H. contermina Sh., iv, 31. 



turbida Kiist. psammoica Morel. 



solitaria Pfr. H. psammsecia Bgt. 



v. calaritana Paul. H. psammsecella Let. & Bgt. 



Subgenus THEBA Risso, 1826. 



Theba (Leach MS.) Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. iv, p. 73, in 

 part. WESTERLUND, Fauna, p. 71, in part. Teba Leach, in TUR- 

 TON, Man. Land and Fresh-water Sh. Brit. Is., 1831, p. 36 (in part). 

 Zenobia GRAY, Lond. Med. Repos., xv, March, 1821, p. 239 (for 

 H. Zenobia corrugata, undescr. and unfig., and H. Zenobia " binar- 

 ginata "=H. carthusianella Drap.). Not Zenobia OKEN, 1815 (Lep- 

 idoptera). Euomphalia WESTERLUND, Fauna .Paliiarct Binnen- 

 oonch., Helix, pp. 31, 92 (1889). Carthusiana KOBELT, Catalog 

 derim Europ. Faunengebiet lebenden Binnenconchyl. p. 11, 1871. 

 See for anatomy, HESSE, Jahrb. D. M. Ges. 1884, p. 234, pi. 5. 

 SCHMIDT, Stylom., pi. 7. MOQ.-TAND., Moll. Fr. pi. 16. ASH- 

 FORD, Journ. Conch. Leeds, iv, pi. 10. SCHUBERTH, Arch. Naturg- 

 1892, pi. 2. v. IHERING, Morphol. u. Syst., p. 440. 



Shell depressed subglobose, narrowly umbilicate or imperforate, 

 whitish or banded with white, but rather thin and somewhat translu- 



