LEPTAXIS. 293 



for the group an ancient origin ; but the evidence shows that how- 

 ever remote in the past the type was derived from the continental 

 fauna, the main anatomical features of modern European Helices 

 were then well established. If the genetic relationship of Leptaxis 

 with Oligocene forms of middle Europe claimed by Sandberger and 

 others be admitted (and this we have no good reason for doubting), 

 then by implication those fossil forms were anatomically very like 

 the modern European Helices. 



It is a noteworthy fact that in no anatomical feature, whatever, 

 does Leptaxis approach the West Indian groups of Helices. They 

 have diverged from different stocks, and since Mesozoic time along 

 widely separated paths both geographically and structurally. 



Distribution, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde groups. 



(Shell depressed, with open umbilicus and expanded peristome. 

 PSEUDOCAMPYL^A. Porto Santo.) 



L. portosanctanaSowb., iv, 199. L. lowei Fer., iv, 200. 



(Shell imperforate. LEPTAXIS. Madeira species). 



L. undata Lwe., iv, 189. L. psammophora Lwe., iv, 191. 



corrugata Sol. ms. L. wollastoni Lwe., iv, 199. 



groviana Fer. v. forensis Woll., iv, 199. 



scabra Wood. L. chrysomela Pfr., iv, 198. 



L. vulcanica Lwe., iv, 190. cenostoma Lwe. not Fer. 



L. leonina Lwe., iv, 190. v. fluctuosa Lwe., iv, 198. 



L. nivosa Sowb., iv, 190. L. erubescens Lwe., iv, 191. 



exalbida Wood. simia Fer. 



decolor ata Lwe. v. portosancti Woll. 



v. phlebophora Lwe. v. advenoides Lwe. 



chlorata Lwe. v. hysena Lwe., iv, 192. 



v. planata Lwe., iv, 191. L. furva Lwe., iv, 192. 

 v. craticulata Lwe., iv, 191. L. (?) exornata Dh., iv, 198. 

 scrobiculata Lwe. 



(Species of the Azores Is.) 



L. azorica Alb., iv, 196. L. terceirana Morel., iv, 197. 



L. caldeirarum M. & D., iv, 196. L. drouetiana Morel., iv, 197. 

 L. niphas Pfr., iv, 196. L. vetusta M. & D., iv. 198. 



