312 HELIX. 



genschaftl. Vereins fiir Sachsen u. Thiiringen in Halle, i, pp. 1-52, 

 pi. 1-5, 1856, and Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1850, vii, p. 1-13, pi. 1 

 (darts); Ibid, 1849, p. 49. C. BRANCSIK, Sexualapparate einiger 

 Moll, des Trencsiner Comitates in Jahresheft des naturw. Vereins 

 der Trenc. Com., Trencsin, 1890, p. 19-22, pi. 1-3. R. LEHMANN, 

 Die lebenden Schn. u. Musch. der Umgebung Stettins u. in Pom- 

 meru,1873. MoQ.-TAND.,Hist. Nat. Moll. Terr, et Fluv. Fr., 1855. 

 O. SCHUBERTH. Beitr. zur Vergleich. Anat. des Genitalapparates 

 von Helix, in Arch. f. Naturg. Iviii, i, 1892, p. 1-65, pi. 1-6. POL- 

 LONERA, Bull, della Soc. Mai. Ital. xii, 1885, p. Ill (best figs, of 

 dentition). ERDL, in Moritz Wagner's Reisenin der Regentschaft 

 Algier, 1836. PAASCH, Archiv f. Naturg., 1843 and 1845. F, 

 WiEGMANN,Jahrb. d. m.Ges.iv, 1877, p. 195, pi. 6-8. BAUDELOT. 

 Ann. Sc. Nat. (4), Zool. xix, 1863. ASHFORD, Journ of Conch., 

 Leeds, Vol. iv, 1883-'85. v. IHERING, Morph. u. Syst. des Genital- 

 apparates von Helix, Zeitschr. f. Wissenschaftl. Zool. liv, 1892, p. 

 386-520. C. F. JICKELT, Fauna der Land u. Susswasser Moll. 

 Nord-Ost-Afrika's, in Nova Acta Acad. Cses. Leop.-Carol. Germ. 

 Nat. Cur. xxxvii, 1875, et al. See for palaeontology of Helix: 

 SANDBERGER, Land- u. Siisswasser-Conchyl. der Vorvvelt, with the 

 authorities cited therein ; KLIKA, Tert. Land- und Siisswasser-Conch. 

 N. W. Bohmen, (cf. BTTG., Verb. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., 1891, p. 

 228) ; PENECKE, Zeitschr. D. geol. Ges. xliii, p. 346 ; OPPENHEIM, 

 Denkschr. k. Akad. Wissensch. Ivii, p. 113 (cf. TAUSCH, Verb. K.- 

 K. Geol- Reichsanst., 1891, p. 198, and de GREGORIO, Ann. deGeol. 

 et de Paleont. 10 e Livr., 1892), etc., etc. 



Shell varying from globular to depressed and from rounded to 

 acutely keeled, imperforate or narrowly umbilicated, rather solid, 

 with about 5 whorls ; surface striate, ribbed, malleated or granu' 

 lose. Five-banded, or having fewer or no bands by the absence or 

 coalesence of some or all ; rarely having more bands by splitting of 

 bands or interpolation of lines. Lip either expanded, reflexed or 

 thickened within. Type H. pomatia, frontispiece, fig. 7, (See pi- 

 44). 



Animal with a tough, granulose or reticulate integument, marked 

 by two or few grooves along back, the tail depressed, with a slight 

 median line or none', facial grooves well developed on both sides. 

 Labial processes large; sole undivided. Mantle with a small right 

 body lappet, and a long left one, usually interrupted across the 



