4 STROPHOCHEILUS. 



3, B ULINUS gelatlnus. 



Planorbis gelatinus. Verm, test., 355. 



4, BULINUS senegalensis. 



ADANS. Hist. Nat. de Seneg.p. 5, 1. 1. 



Although Miiller includes Adanson's species in his group, it must 

 distinctly be remembered that his description applies to Physa ; and 

 it is only by disregarding his real idea of the structure of the snails 

 that we can restrict the group to the last species. 



However this question may be settled, the fact remains that the 

 name Bulinus was first introduced in binomial nomenclature by 

 Miiller in 1781 ; and his clearly expressed intention was to apply 

 it to what is known as Physa. 



1786. SCOPOLI introduces the genus Bulimus again, to contain 

 B. hcemastomus, giving a figure which has been referred to Borus 

 oblongus but which looks as much like the rarer species B. gran- 

 ulosus. 



This later use of the name by Scopoli is not accompanied by a 

 generic diagnosis, and being nine years later than his first publica- 

 tion, cannot stand. Bruguiere, Lamarck and other early authors 

 have followed Scopoli's later work, ignoring the earlier ; and the 

 name Bulimus has thus come into universal use until this time. 



SUMMARY. From the foregoing sketch, we conclude : 



(1). That BULINUS Adanson must be absolutely ignored in 

 nomenclature. 



(2). That BULIMUS Scopoli, 1777, will stand as a valid genus, and 

 the name must replace either Succinea, Limncea or Bythinia, prefer- 

 ably the last. 



(3). BULINUS Miiller, 1781, stands as a generic name for either 

 Bulinus of authors (Fischer, Man. p. 509) or for Physa Drap., 1801. 



(4). That the use of the term Bulimus by Scopoli in 1786, and by 

 subsequent authors, and the use of Bulinus by Broderip, Sowerby 

 and others during the present century, has no bearing upon the 

 questions at issue. 



1827. The name STROPHOCHEILUS was applied in MS. by Spix^ 

 to two species collected by him in Brazil, hcemastomus Spix and 

 almeida Spix. Wagner, in his work on the Spix collection and 

 MSS., places these names in the synonymy under Bulimus ovatus and 

 Bulimus pudieus. On the plate there is a double inscription, the 

 names given by both Spix and Wagner appearing. It is perfectly 



